FUVEST 2017

Questão 47937

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Leia o excerto do livro Violência urbana, de Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro e Guilherme Assis de Almeida.

De dia, ande na rua com cuidado, olhos bem abertos. Evite falar com estranhos. À noite, não saia para caminhar, principalmente se estiver sozinho e seu bairro for deserto. Quando estacionar, tranque bem as portas do carro [...]. De madrugada, não pare em sinal vermelho. Se for assaltado, não reaja – entregue tudo.

É provável que você já esteja exausto de ler e ouvir várias dessas recomendações. Faz tempo que a ideia de integrar uma comunidade e sentir-se confiante e seguro por ser parte de um coletivo deixou de ser um sentimento comum aos habitantes das grandes cidades brasileiras. As noções de segurança e de vida comunitária foram substituídas pelo sentimento de insegurança e pelo isolamento que o medo impõe. O outro deixa de ser visto como parceiro ou parceira em potencial; o desconhecido é encarado como ameaça. O sentimento de insegurança transforma e desfigura a vida em nossas cidades. De lugares de encontro, troca, comunidade, participação coletiva, as moradias e os espaços públicos transformam-se em palco do horror, do pânico e do medo.

A violência urbana subverte e desvirtua a função das cidades, drena recursos públicos já escassos, ceifa vidas – especialmente as dos jovens e dos mais pobres –, Dilacera famílias, modificando nossas existências dramaticamente para pior. De potenciais cidadãos, passamos a ser consumidores do medo. O que fazer diante desse quadro de insegurança e pânico, denunciado diariamente pelos jornais e alardeado pela mídia eletrônica? Qual tarefa impõe-se aos cidadãos, na democracia e no Estado de direito?

(Violência urbana, 2003.)

 As palavras do texto cujos prefixos traduzem ideia de negação são

Questão 47944

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE) 

Carpe diem: Esse conhecido lema, extraído das Odes do poeta latino Horácio (65 a.C.- 8 a.C.), sintetiza expressivamente o seguinte motivo: saber aproveitar tudo o que se apresente de positivo (mesmo que pouco) e transitório.

(Renzo Tosi. Dicionário de sentenças latinas e gregas, 2010. Adaptado.)

Das estrofes extraídas da produção poética de Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935), aquela em que tal motivo se manifesta mais explicitamente é:

Questão 47964

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Examine a tira e o texto, para responder às questões de 21 a 23.

(http://lolalollipop.com. Adaptado)

According to the cartoon, Lola

Questão 47965

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Examine a tira e o texto, para responder às questões de 21 a 23.

(http://lolalollipop.com. Adaptado)

Lola thinks that

Questão 47967

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE) Examine a tira e o texto, para responder às questões de 21 a 23.

(http://lolalollipop.com. Adaptado)

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna numerada no texto.

Questão 47984

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?

Karen Weintraub

June 17, 2016

Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception,” she said.

Multiple studies have shown that people don’t functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.

Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.

(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

No primeiro parágrafo, a resposta da Dra. Sigrid Veasey à questão "Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?" indica que

Questão 47988

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?

Karen Weintraub
June 17, 2016

Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception,” she said.

Multiple studies have shown that people don’t functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.

Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.

(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

According to the information presented in the second paragraph, one can say that

Questão 47994

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?

Karen Weintraub

June 17, 2016

Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception,” she said.

Multiple studies have shown that people don’t functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.

Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.

(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo "Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours", o termo em destaque tem sentido de

Questão 48000

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE)

Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep?

Karen Weintraub

June 17, 2016

Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but they’re wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that we’re getting by fine on less sleep, but we’re deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. “The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception,” she said.

Multiple studies have shown that people don’t functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. People’s performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said.

Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase people’s need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brain’s clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down.

(http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, o relógio cerebral que regula o ciclo de sono e de vigília pode ficar alterado devido

Questão 48002

(UNESP - 2017 - 1ª FASE) Observe o cartum.

A alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna do número 4 do cartum, sem prejuízo de sentido, é