Questão 33975
(IME - 2018/2019 - 2ª FASE)
PARA AS QUESTÕES 31 A 33, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2 A SEGUIR.
Texto 2
CORPORATE CONTROL AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION
The prospect of the ocean generating a new era of “blue growth” is increasingly finding its way into national and international policy documents around the world and has spurred a rush to claim ocean space and resources. If economic activities in coastal and offshore areas are to expand in an equitable and sustainable manner, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), progress is needed toward addressing multiple and potentially conflicting uses of ocean space within national jurisdictions, in addition to developing a consistent and transparent legal framework for the vast areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). These areas cover 64% of the world’s ocean and 47% of the Earth’s surface yet remain poorly understood or described. Marine organisms have evolved to thrive in the extremes of pressure, temperature, chemistry, and darkness found in the ocean, resulting in unique adaptations that make them the object of commercial interest, particularly for biomedical and industrial applications. By 2025, the global market for marine biotechnology is projected to reach $6.4 billion, spanning a broad range of commercial purposes for the pharmaceutical, biofuel, and chemical industries. One way to ensure exclusive access to these potential economic benefits is through patents associated with “marine genetic resources” (MGRs). Although the term MGRs has never been formally described, it suggests a subset of “genetic resources”, which have been defined under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as “genetic material of actual or potential value”.____________________. The adoption of the Nagoya Protocol in 2010 represented an important step within the international policy arena to define obligations associated with monetary and nonmonetary benefit sharing of genetic resources and their products sourced from within national jurisdictions. No such mechanism currently exists for ABNJ.
( . . . )
BLASIAK, R.; JOUFFRAY, JB.; WABNITZ, C.; SUNDSTROM, E. e OSTERBLOM, H. Adaptado de Corporate control and global governance of marine genetic resources. In: Science Advances. Disponível em <http://advances.sciencemag.org/ content/4/6/eaar5237.full>. Acesso em: 07/08/2018.
Choose the correct option:
A
Corporations intend to use patents associated with deep-sea marine genetic resources to guarantee they are the only ones to profit.
B
Industries willing to use the genetic material of organisms which have adapted to deep sea environment must follow the Nagoya Protocol no matter where they are exploring the sea.
C
The international policy has already established the most profitable type of commercial use for some specific genetic resources.
D
Equitable and sustainable development depend on laws defining the non-commercial use of the genes from marine organisms.
E
Pharmaceutical, biofuel, and chemical industries are obliged to invest in a broad range of the
marine environment until 2025.
Gabarito:
Corporations intend to use patents associated with deep-sea marine genetic resources to guarantee they are the only ones to profit.
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a A) "Corporações pretendem usar patentes associadas a recursos genéticos marinhos de profundidade para garantir que sejam os únicos a lucrar") está de acordo com o trecho do segundo parágrafo: "one way to ensure exclusive access to these potential economic benefits is through patents associated with “marine genetic resources” (MGRs)"( "Uma forma de garantir o acesso exclusivo a esses benefícios econômicos potenciais é por meio de patentes associadas a “recursos genéticos marinhos” (MGRs)")
As outras alternativas estão incorretas.
B) As indústrias que desejam usar o material genético de organismos que se adaptaram ao meio ambiente marinho profundo devem seguir o Protocolo de Nagoya, independentemente de onde explorem o mar.
C) A política internacional já estabeleceu o tipo de uso comercial mais lucrativo para alguns recursos genéticos específicos.
D) O desenvolvimento equitativo e sustentável depende de leis que definam o uso não comercial dos genes de organismos marinhos.
E) As indústrias farmacêutica, de biocombustíveis e químicas são obrigadas a investir em uma ampla gama de ambiente marinho até 2025.