(AFA - 2008)
Read the text below and answer questions 01 to 04.
The Moon
The Moon is the Earth’s only natural satellite. It is relatively large for a moon, with a diameter of about 5,470 kilometers just over a quarter of the Earth. The Moon takes the same time to rotate on its axis as it takes to orbit the Earth (27.3), and so the same side (the near side) always faces us. However, the amount of the surface we can see – the phase of the Moon – depends on how much of the near side is in sunlight. The Moon is dry and barren, with no atmosphere or water. It consists mainly of solid rock, although its core may contain molten rock or iron. The surface is dusty, with highlands covered in craters caused by meteorite impacts, and lowlands in which large craters have been filled by solidified lava to form dark areas called maria or “seas”. Maria occur mainly on the near side, which has a thinner crust than the far side. Many of the craters are rimmed by mountain ranges that form the crater walls and can be thousands of meters high.
Visual Encyclopedia
Choose the alternative in which the sentence is an example of If Clause according to the context of The Moon.
The dusty surface with highlands would be covered in craters if there were no meteorite impacts.
Unless lowlands with large craters weren’t filled by solidified lava they were dark areas.
We can only see the amount of surface if part of the near side is in sunlight.
If many of the craters haven’t been rimmed by mountain ranges they would form the craters walls.
Gabarito:
We can only see the amount of surface if part of the near side is in sunlight.
A) INCORRECT: porque nessa alternativa, é dito que "a superfície estaria coberta de crateras se não fosse o impacto de meteoritos" o que está incorreto, já que o próprio texto diz que a superfície lunar já é coberta de crateras causadas pelos meteoritos.
B) INCORRECT: porque aqui é colocado como condição que as áreas só seriam escuras se as crateras não fossem preenchidas com lava solidificada, o que vai totalmente na direação oposta do que o texto diz, que apresenta as áreas escuras por causa da lava solidificada.
C) CORRECT: porque o próprio texto afirma o que está dizendo nessa alternativa no seguinte trecho "However, the amount of the surface we can see – the phase of the Moon – depends on how much of the near side is in sunlight" (No entanto, a quantidade de superfície que podemos ver – a fase da Lua – depende de quanto do lado próximo está na luz solar.)
D) INCORRECT: porque não é estabelecida uma ideia de exclusão entre esses dois elementos (cercada por cadeias de montanhas e paredes de pedra), mas eles são complementares, já que o próprio texto diz que "Muitas das crateras são cercadas por cadeias de montanhas que formam as paredes da cratera".