(EPCAR - 2017)
Read the text below and answer question according to it.
Most Common Prejudices
What are some of the most common ways people discriminate against each other? Some of the areas where people show their intolerance are well-known, such as race. But 1others are less 2acknowledged, even if more common:
Age: 3Ageism is more common than you think. Older people are thought to be inflexible and 4stuck in the past, while younger people are seen as inexperienced and naive. 5One-fifth of working adults say they experience ageism in the 6workplace.
Class: Classism usually takes the form of discrimination by wealthier people against those who are less well off. However, classism goes both ways – people of lower economic status can see the wealthy as elite snobs who, while monetarily secure, are morally 7bankrupt.
Color:Different from racism, colorism is discrimination based only on the color of a person’s skin; how relatively dark or light they are. Colorism takes place within and between races. It is common in multi-ethnic and non-white societies and societies with historical racial prejudice.
Ability: 8Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice is discrimination against people with visible disabilities such as 9those in wheelchairs or with a learning disability. The disabled face discrimination not only from their 10peers, but from institutions, schools, employers, and 11landowners who are hesitant to accommodate the disabled.
Sex/Gender:Possibly the most universal and long running prejudice is that based on a person’s gender or sex. Historically, sexism has placed men in a more advantageous position than women.
Weight/Size: In short, sizeism is discrimination based on 12a person’s body size or weight. Sizeism works with social standards of beauty and usually takes the form of discrimination against the overweight – anti-fat prejudice.
Religion: Religious discrimination and 13persecution has been common throughout history. But 14prejudice based on religious affiliation doesn’t end with organized religion; 15atheists are 16prone to discrimination and being discriminated against.
Sexual Orientation: Most commonly, prejudice based on sexual orientation includes discrimination against those of a non-heterosexual orientation. Discrimination against the non-heterosexual takes many forms depending on the society. In some societies prejudice is open and tolerated, but in most Western societies, 17bias against the non-heterosexual is more discreet.
Country of Origin: Nativism is a common form of discrimination against immigrants to a country. Unlike many other forms of discrimination, nativism is many times encouraged and enforced by some public entities.
18Which prejudice do you have? Which prejudice have you experienced?
Adapted from https://aloftyexistence.wordpress.com.
Glossary:
2acknowledged – reconhecidos(as)
4stuck – presos(as)
7bankrupt – falidos(as)
10peers - pares; colegas
11landowners – proprietários(as)
16prone – propensos(as)
18bias – julgamento ou opinião parcial
Mark the group of uncountable words extracted from the text above.
Prejudice - experience - ability.
Orientation - body - position.
Discrimination - intolerance - racism.
History - status - religion.
Gabarito:
Discrimination - intolerance - racism.
a) INCORRETA, já que prejudice é countable, nesse caso. Experience é classificado como uncountable, de acordo com o contexto. Ability é countable, de acordo com o contexto.
b) INCORRETA, pois orientation é uncountable, body é countable e position é uncountable.
c) CORRETA, já que todas as palavras são uncountable.
d) INCORRETA, uma vez que history é uncountable, status é uncountable e religion é countable