(EsPCEx - 2020)
OXFAM AMERICA
Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942, in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International.
Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice, through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately fundaded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit peple from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient.
Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. Oxfam's projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a women's literacy program do Indya to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California.
Adapted from http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm
In the sentence "The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based." (paragraph 3), the words in which and they consecutively refer to
Oxfam and the projects.
the projects and food aid.
the communities and food aid.
self-sufficiency and the communities.
the communities and the projects.
Gabarito:
the communities and the projects.
A) INCORRECT: pois o uso de “in which” não se refere à instituição da Oxfam, mas sim às próprias comunidades que estão se referenciando. No segundo caso, “they” se refere corretamente aos projetos.
B) INCORRECT: pois as duas referências estão incorretas, uma vez que o “in which” não se refere aos projetos, mas sim às comunidades, enquanto o “they” não se refere à ajuda alimentar (essa ajuda seria representada pelo “that”), mas sim aos projetos sendo realizados.
C) INCORRECT: pois o “in which” se refere corretamente ao termo comunidades, de acordo com o sentido da sentença. Mas, por outro lado, o “they” não se refere à ajuda alimentar (essa ajuda seria representada pelo “that”), mas sim aos projetos sendo realizados.
D) INCORRECT: pois como o “in which” faz referência ao termo que vem logo antecedendo, não podemos dizer que ele refere-se a uma auto-suficiência, mas sim às comunidades. Por outro lado, o segundo pronome relativo “they” vai se relacionar com os projetos que estão sendo criados, e não às comunidades.
E) CORRECT: Na frase “the projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based”, “in which” é um pronome relativo, que atua como um conectivo, adicionando informações à oração principal. O termo a que “in which” se refere é “the communities”, o objeto da oração principal. O pronome “they” está retomando a oração principal, fazendo referência ao sujeito, que é “the projects”, portanto a alternativa E está correta.