(PUC - PR - 2003)
Hamlet
The following is a short outline of Shakespeare's most famous play, Hamlet. Hamlet is the chief character in the play. The ghost of Hamlet's father appears and tells Hamlet how Claudius had murdered him by pouring poison into his ears as he lay asleep. The ghost orders Hamlet to revenge the murder. Hamlet promises that he will do so without delay. But he does delay. He thinks a great deal about what he has heard, and he thinks instead of acting. He believes what the ghost has said, but feels that he needs further proof of the murder.
In order to satisfy himself that the king is guilty, Hamlet arranges to have a play performed at court. In this play one of the actors pretends to poison another in just the same way as the king has poisoned Hamlet's father. As soon as Claudius sees this, he is frightened, and gets up and goes out. Hamlet now is quite certain of Claudius's guilt, but he still hesitates. Although he has opportunities to kill his uncle, he finds reasons why he should not do so yet. Once Hamlet finds him praying, and can kill him easily. He does not do so because he thinks that to kill the king at his prayers would be to send his soul straight to heaven.
When the fight takes place, Hamlet at first seems to be winning. The king offers him the cup of poisoned wine. He refuses it, but the queen takes it and drinks. Laertes and Hamlet go on fighting, Laertes wounds Hamlet, and as they struggle together they somehow change swords. Now Hamlet wounds Laertes. The queen falls, dying. Laertes, himself near death, tells Hamlet about the poisoned sword and wine. Hamlet, acting at last instead of thinking about acting, rushes at the guilty king and kills him. He has revenged the murder of his father, but a few minutes later he, too, is dead.
Supply the sentences with the correct alternative:
I - This is the hardest problem _____ I have ever had to face.
II - A doctor, _____ patients trust him, has great responsibility.
III - Vesuvius, _____ is a lofty volcano, overlooks the Bay of Naples.
IV - My friend Marcello, _____ is in hospital, is very ill.
V - There's something _____ I must tell you in confidence.
I - that; II - which; III - what; IV - who; V - that
I - which; II - whose; III - that; IV - whose; V - which
I - that; II - whose; III - which; IV - who; V - that
I - what; II - who; III - which; IV - that; V - what
I - that; II - whose; III - what; IV - which; V - that
Gabarito:
I - that; II - whose; III - which; IV - who; V - that
Supply the sentences with the correct alternative:
I - This is the hardest problem _____ I have ever had to face.
II - A doctor, _____ patients trust him, has great responsibility.
III - Vesuvius, _____ is a lofty volcano, overlooks the Bay of Naples.
IV - My friend Marcello, _____ is in hospital, is very ill.
V - There's something _____ I must tell you in confidence.
Na primeira alternativa só ficaria adequado o uso do that para retomar problema, como uma "coisa", o which caberia se estivesse, além de retomando algo dito, acrescentando mais uma informação adicional, geralmente essa informação vem entre vírgulas e pode ser retirada sem prejuízo de entendimento. Portando, caberia apenas o that.
Já a II, podemos traduzir whose por "de quem", desta forma, fica categorizado como um pronome possessivo que é o que a sentença indica como o mais correto, ao se analisar o contexto da alternativa.
Na terceira só encaixaria o which pelo o que foi expressado na alternativa I. O which traz sentenças adicionais e, geralmente, fica entre vírgulas, podendo ser retirado tudo que está entre vírgulas e o sentido permanecer entendível.
Na quarta, utilizamos o who por retomar uma pessoa, como pronome relativo, desta forma o mais adequado seria o who e não o whose, pois aqui não há relação de posse.
Na V, utilizamos o that para retomar o "something", muito parecido com a alternativa I, não podendo se encaixar o which por explicação dada na resposta da alternativa I.