(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Después de semanas con este nuevo virus, los muertos no llegan a mil. Es una gran pena y ojalá encuentren una solución rápidamente. Pero el hambre es la mayor pandemia global. Mueren unas 24.000 personas ¡cada día! por causas relacionadas con la falta de alimentos. Por suerte ha disminuido desde las 41.000 personas al día que morían hace veinte años.
Algo no cierra. La naturaleza es sabia y sobreabundante y, de hecho, permite que se produzca un 60% más de lo que la humanidad necesita para alimentarse. Insólitamente, en la producción de alimentos que no se comerán, a nivel global se utilizan 1.400 millones de hectáreas, y así se pierden anualmente 1.300 millones de toneladas métricas.
Ahora, ¿por qué no llegan a los desnutridos? Son varias las causas, pero las definitorias son los obstáculos que ponen los Estados. Después de todo, son el monopolio de la violencia — su poder de policía — y la violencia siempre destruye. Para empezar, los impuestos que cobran empobrecen, ya que son derivados hacia abajo subiendo precios o bajando salarios.
Disponível em: https://www.eltiempo.com/opinion/columnistas/alejandro-tagliavini/coronavirus-y-el-hambre-causada-por-el-estadocolumna-de-alejandro-a-tagliavini-460130> (Fragmento). Acesso em: 09 fev. 2020
Considera las siguientes afirmaciones sobre el texto.
I. Con la expresión “ojalá” y el uso del subjuntivo “encuentren”, el articulista expresa el deseo del descubrimiento de un medio de solucionar el asunto del coronavirus.
II. Con el tiempo verbal de “ha disminuido”, Tagliavini expresa que la disminución alcanza el momento de la escritura del texto y marca su posible continuación en el futuro.
III. Con la expresión “de hecho”, el articulista introduce la información que la naturaleza produce más de lo que necesitamos como contraria a las características de sabia y sobreabundante.
IV. Con la expresión “Ahora”, Tagliavini propone cuestionamientos que atenúan o suprimen las conclusiones que se pudiera obtener de las afirmaciones del párrafo anterior.
V. Con la preposición “hacia”, el columnista marca el punto final de la derivación de los impuestos, es decir, llega al punto más bajo posible, lo que es mejor para la población.
Son verdaderas las afirmaciones presentadas en
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) As researchers fight to stop the spread of a novel coronavirus that originated in a seafood market in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, they are facing a counter-intuitive problem: the symptoms can sometimes be so mild in patients that the virus is very difficult to detect. The coronavirus initially came to authorities’ attention in December after patients began exhibiting symptoms of viral pneumonia, including fever, cough and shortness of breath. But researchers, including those at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have noted that some of those with the Wuhan coronavirus have shown “little to no symptoms.” A study published in the medical journal the Lancet on Jan. 24 reported that a 10-year-old who was infected with the virus had no symptoms at all. “We have seen patients, especially children, who have pneumonia, but have no symptoms, no fever or cough, which means that it’s not easy to recognize these cases of novel coronavirus infection, which makes the control of this outbreak more difficult,” says Yuen Kwok-yung, a microbiologist at the University of Hong Kong, and one of the authors of the Lancet study.
Amy Gunia Disponível em: . Acesso em: <https://time.com/> 01 fev. 2020.
According to the text, one of the challenges presented by this new coronavirus is the fact that
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit. There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. The neurogenic type is the most common and presents with pain, weakness, and occasionally loss of muscle at the base of the thumb. The venous type results in swelling, pain, and possibly a bluish coloration of the arm. The arterial type results in pain, coldness, and paleness of the arm. TOS may result from trauma, repetitive arm movements, tumors, pregnancy, or anatomical variations such as a cervical rib. Initial treatment for the neurogenic type is with exercises to strengthen the chest muscles and improve posture. NSAIDs such as naproxen may be used for pain. Surgery is typically done for the arterial and venous types and for the neurogenic type if it does not improve with other treatments. Blood thinners may be used to treat or prevent blood clots. The condition affects about 1% of the population. It is more common in women than men and it occurs most commonly between 20 and 50 years of age.
Disponível em: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page>. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.
Com base no texto, afirma-se que
I. a síndrome descrita pode ser provocada por compressão venal.
II. grávidas não apresentam casos do “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome”.
III. há tratamentos menos invasivos, além de procedimentos cirúrgicos.
IV. TOS ocorre principalmente em homens mais velhos, com saúde frágil.
V. TOS pode ocasionar dores, inchaço e, até mesmo, perda muscular.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Scientists have developed what they call living concrete by using sand, gel and bacteria. Researchers said this building material has structural load-bearing function, is capable of self-healing and is more environmentally friendly than concrete – which is the second most-consumed material on Earth after water. The team from the University of Colorado Boulder believe their work paves the way for future building structures that could “heal their own cracks, suck up dangerous toxins from the air or even glow on command”.
Disponível em: <https://www.sciencefocus.com/>. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.
Based on the text, we can state that
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater poverty for the family, (1) ________________ to a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are (2) __________ from family decisions, children are more likely to suffer from malnutrition. There would be 13 million (3) __________ malnourished children in South Asia if women had an equal say in the family, Unicef said. Unicef surveyed family decision-making in 30 countries around the world. Their chief finding is that equality between men and women is vital to (4) __________ poverty and improving health, especially that of children, in developing countries.
Disponível em: <https://www.usingenglish.com/> Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.
Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) On Tuesday, Merriam-Webster selected its word of the year, not some viral neologism like post-truth or selfie but a word that has been around since the Middle Ages: the pronoun they.
Pronouns are tools that people typically use with all the thought one gives to using doorknobs. Students are taught in early language lessons that every sentence needs a subject and are given a short list of usual suspects: words like he, she, you and they. The latter, they are told, is used to refer to more than one person. Yet that’s not always the case. Merriam-Webster chose the singular form, one that has been gaining currency and causing controversy.
There are two reasons that singular they is on the upswing. One is that it’s a convenient way to refer to an unknown person in a gender-neutral way, versus using cumbersome constructions like “he or she.” In recent years, it has been far easier to find this generic they in mass media because using it makes life easier for readers and writers alike.
Katy Steinmetz Disponível em: <https://time.com/>. Acesso em: 08 fev. 2020.
Com base no texto acima, é INCORRETO afirmar que
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Taurus April 20 - May 20 (TEXT A)
Sophisticated language can be a veil hiding what you truly mean but are too afraid to say. But fancy talk can also be a tool to help folks understand what exactly it is that you mean at a high level. Which way you choose to use your stunning vocabulary is up to you, but it would be a shame to waste all your verbal skills by encouraging miscommunication. Camouflage is not your object. Don't be afraid to speak the truth, and don't cater to the lowest common denominator.
Disponível em: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/>. Acesso em: 12 fev 2020
Taurus April 20 - May 20 (TEXT B)
Work could be a bit challenging today and you may even be asked to assume more responsibility on the job. Be open to attending a long-term training program to increase your talents and your professional value. Once you graduate from this program of study, give yourself a lavish reward that serves as a perpetual reminder of your achievement. But don't wait until the end to treat yourself. Attending to self-care can have an especially restorative effect now, so make time for a spa treatment or hot bath after hours. Nothing perks you up like the prospect of a prize at the end of the day.
Disponível em: <https://www.tribpub.com/gdpr/nydailynews.com/> . Acesso em: 12 fev. 2020.
Horoscopes in newspapers are very common, although they do not always focus on the same topics. When reading these two horoscopes, we can infer that
I. both horoscopes were written by the same astrologer.
II. horoscopes in texts A and B cover the same subjects.
III. the horoscope in text A says taureans are good with words.
IV. according to text B a taurean enjoys receiving prizes.
V. both text A and text B show taureans as hard workers.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Our tongues can get fat. And scientists say losing tongue weight might be an effective way to manage obstructive sleep apnea, a condition that affects an estimated 22 million Americans.That’s according to a study published this week in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania exploring the surprising relationship between tongue fat and sleep apnea. The researchers found that when overweight people with sleep apnea lost pounds, their tongues also got smaller. And, of all the changes that occurred as a result of slimming down, a reduction in tongue fat had the biggest impact on improving sleep apnea. Until now, it was unclear why weight loss helps manage the sleep condition.
Disponível em: <https://www.discovermagazine.com/>Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.
De acordo com o texto, o que pode auxiliar na redução de altos níveis de apneia do sono?
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) You can start when children are very young, said Kari Kivinen. In fact, you should: “Fairytales work well. Take the wily fox who always cheats the other animals with his sly words. That’s not a bad metaphor for a certain kind of politician, is it?” With democracies around the world threatened by the seemingly unstoppable onslaught of false information, Finland – recently rated Europe’s most resistant nation to fake news – takes the fight seriously enough to teach it in primary school. In secondary schools, such as the state-run college in Helsinki where Kivinen is head teacher, multiplatform information literacy and strong critical thinking have become a core, cross-subject component of a national curriculum that was introduced in 2016. In maths lessons, Kivinen’s pupils learn how easy it is to lie with statistics. In art, they see how an image’s meaning can be manipulated. In history, they analyse notable propaganda campaigns, while Finnish language teachers work with them on the many ways in which words can be used to confuse, mislead and deceive. “The goal is active, responsible citizens and voters,” Kivinen said. “Thinking critically, factchecking, interpreting and evaluating all the information you receive, wherever it appears, is crucial. We’ve made it a core part of what we teach, across all subjects.”
Jon Henley Disponível em:<https://www.theguardian.com/international>. Acesso em: 08 fev. 2020.
Finish education rates among the best in the world. According to the text, we can state that
I. children are taught early on how to identify fake from real news.
II. politicians in Finland are interested in more responsible voters.
III. democratic states are not threatened by the waves of fake news.
IV. the school curriculum focuses on developing critical thinkers.
V. different disciplines cover topics regarding information literacy.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.
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(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) “[...] em lugar de querer apresentar a filosofia como inovação radical, como queria Burnet; e também, em lugar de apresentar a filosofia como pura continuação do herdado, como queria Conford quando afirma que a filosofia era continuação racional do que os mitos narravam, Vernant apresenta as condições históricas, culturais e políticas que marcaram o surgimento da filosofia.”
CHAUÍ, Marilena. Introdução à Filosofia: dos pré-socráticos a Aristóteles. São Paulo: Cia das Letras, 2002. p. 36. (Adaptado)
De acordo com o excerto acima, a terceira corrente compreende o surgimento da Filosofia de um modo diferente de suas antecessoras, pois considera que a origem da Filosofia foi
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