Questão 24875
(UEFS - 2013 - Meio do ano)
For the first time, scientists have created human embryos that are genetic copies of living people and used them to make stem cells — a feat that paves the way for treating a range of diseases with personalized body 5 tissues but also ignites fears of human cloning. If replicated in other labs, the methods detailed Wednesday in the journal Cell would allow researchers to fashion human embryonic stem cells that are custom-made for patients with Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and other 10 health problems.
Theoretically capable of reproducing themselves indefinitely, these stem cells could be used to grow replacements for a wide variety of diseased cells — those of the blood, skin, heart, brain, muscles, nerves and 15 more — that would not risk rejection by the patient’s immune system.
The report also raises the specter that, with a high-quality donor egg, a bit of skin, some careful tending in a lab and the womb of a willing surrogate, humans 20 have cracked the biological secret to reproducing themselves. That is an objective American scientists have squarely renounced as unethical and scientifically irresponsible. At the same time, most acknowledge that such “reproductive cloning” will one day prove too 25 tempting to resist.
In the hope that other researchers will validate and extend their results, the scientists at Oregon Health & Science University provided an exceptionally detailed account of their techniques. For anyone with a 30 well-equipped fertility lab, the comprehensive guide could also be a useful handbook for cloning a baby. The success of the experiments rekindled debate among bioethicists, who have long anticipated that human cloning would become a reality.
HEALY, Melissa. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 13 maio 2013.
Fill in the blanks with suitable interrogative words.
I. _______ have scientists worked with human embryonic stem cells? This is the first time.
II. _______ is likely to profit from human embryonic stem cells? Patients with Alzheimer and diabetes, for example.
III. _______ cells could be replaced by human embryonic stem cells? Those of the blood, skin, heart, and others.
IV. _______ do humans need to start reproducing themselves? Among other things, a high-quality donor egg, a bit of skin and the womb of a surrogate mother.
According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
A
Where / Whose / How old / What.
B
How often / Who / Which / What.
C
What / Which / How many / Who.
D
When / Whom / What / How often.
E
How often / What / How many / When.
Gabarito:
How often / Who / Which / What.
Resolução:
I. Como a resposta dessa pergunta é "This is the first time", ou seja, "Essa é a primeira vez", sabemos que a pergunta deseja saber a frequência que tal ação está acontecendo, para que se possa dizer que é a primeira vez que acontece. Dessa forma, descarta-se as opções "where" (onde), "what" (o que) e "when" (quando).
II. Nessa pergunta, ao observamos que a resposta fala de "pacientes de alzheimer e diabetes" e que o verbo na pergunta é "to profit" (lucrar, aproveitar), percebemos que a questão se refere a uma pessoa (ou um grupo de pessoas) que vão ser privilegiadas com a doação de células-tronco. Logo, como a lacuna está na posição de sujeito e se refere à pessoa, só podemos usar o who (quem), descartando o whose (de quem -> indica posse), o which (quais), o what (o que) e o whom (quem, mas na posição de objeto, que não é o caso).
III. Observando a resposta, que enumera os tipos de células indicadas no texto (as de pele, as do sangue, as do coração e outras), vemos que a pergunta quer que indiquemos quais são essas células, sem quantificar ou indicar o que são. Por essa razão, a palavra interrogativa que deve ser usada nesse caso é which (quais), descartando how old (quantos anos), o how many (quantos) e o what (o que).
IV. Pela a resposta dada nessa questão, percebemos que ela está completando o sentido de "need" (precisar), ou seja, os humanos precisam de um óvulo doado de alta qualidade, um pouco de pele e etc. Por essa razão, a palavra interrogativa que indica corretamente essa resposta é o what (o que), descartando o who (quem), o how often (com que frequência) e o when (quando).
Por essa razão, a alternativa correta é a alternativa b.