FUVEST 2014

Questão 24481

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer.

It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage.

As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 – an increase of 70 percent.

Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm.

(www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.)

Segundo o texto, a gestão de resíduos sólidos 

Questão 24482

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer.

It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage.

As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 – an increase of 70 percent.

Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm.

(www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o texto, o aumento na produção de resíduos sólidos ocorre, principalmente, devido 

Questão 24483

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer.

It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage.

As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 – an increase of 70 percent.

Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm.

(www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – this figure will grow –, a palavra figure refere-se, no texto, a 

Questão 24484

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer.

It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage.

As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 – an increase of 70 percent.

Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm.

(www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.)

Segundo o texto, o maior impacto do aumento de custos da gestão de resíduos sólidos será sobre 

Questão 24485

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer.

It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage.

As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 – an increase of 70 percent.

Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm.

(www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o texto, quando há uma boa gestão de resíduos sólidos, 

Questão 24486

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer.

It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage.

As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 – an increase of 70 percent.

Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm.

(www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.)

No trecho do último parágrafo – A city’s ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm. –, a palavra whether pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por 

Questão 24487

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Roma provou ser capaz de ampliar o seu próprio sistema político para incluir as cidades italianas durante sua expansão penisular. Desde o começo ela havia – diferentemente de Atenas – exigido de seus aliados tropas para seus exércitos, e não dinheiro para seu tesouro; desta maneira, diminuindo a carga de sua dominação na paz e unindo-os solidamente em tempo de guerra. Neste ponto, seguia o exemplo de Esparta, embora seu controle militar central das tropas aliadas fosse sempre muito maior.

(Perry Anderson. Passagens da Antiguidade ao Feudalismo, 1987. Adaptado.)

O texto caracteriza uma das principais estratégias romanas de domínio sobre outros povos e outras cidades: 

Questão 24488

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Roma provou ser capaz de ampliar o seu próprio sistema político para incluir as cidades italianas durante sua expansão penisular. Desde o começo ela havia – diferentemente de Atenas – exigido de seus aliados tropas para seus exércitos, e não dinheiro para seu tesouro; desta maneira, diminuindo a carga de sua dominação na paz e unindo-os solidamente em tempo de guerra. Neste ponto, seguia o exemplo de Esparta, embora seu controle militar central das tropas aliadas fosse sempre muito maior.

(Perry Anderson. Passagens da Antiguidade ao Feudalismo, 1987. Adaptado.)

A comparação que o texto estabelece entre Roma e Esparta é pertinente, uma vez que foi comum às duas cidades

Questão 24490

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

Inserido em um empreendimento mercantil, financiado com o objetivo de exploração econômica para o fortalecimento do absolutismo espanhol, o navegante genovês [Cristóvão Colombo] encontra uma realidade na América que não permite a identificação das imaginadas riquezas orientais, dando origem a uma dupla narrativa: a do esperado e a do experimentado, em que o discurso é pressionado pela necessidade de obter informações e um projeto colonizador.

(Wilton Carlos Lima da Silva. As terras inventadas, 2003. Adaptado.)

Segundo o texto, o relato de Colombo 

Questão 24499

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase)

As chuvas torrenciais que costumam causar tormentas nesta época do ano em diversas cidades brasileiras desapareceram neste verão. O lugar delas foi tomado por uma seca considerada atípica e por muito calor. Este é, sem dúvida, um verão de recordes. São Paulo registra há mais de 48 dias seguidos temperaturas máximas acima dos 30 oC, mais do que as médias históricas dos meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro registradas nos verões dos últimos 20 anos.

(http://brasil.elpais.com. Adaptado.)

Considerando conhecimentos geográficos sobre as formas de uso dos recursos hídricos brasileiros, é correto afirmar que, dentre as consequências associadas ao cenário apresentado pela região Centro-Sul do Brasil em janeiro e fevereiro de 2014, estão