(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
The sentence “the change in climate is majorly caused by human activities” (lines 36 and 37) means that
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
In the sentence “the change in climate is majorly caused by human activities” (lines 36 and 37), the highlighted word means
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
In the sentence “land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production” (destacado) it is INCORRECT to state that
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
The sentence “recent global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture” (lines 58 to 60) states that
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
Starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest are mentioned in the text as examples of
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
The scarcity of food may lead to long term effects such as
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
Investing in clean energy is considered
Ver questão
(AFA - 2018)
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO.
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest1. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring2 demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield3 enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent
global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing4 and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
4. overgrazing – excessive use of land where animals feed on grass
The text conclusion seems to be
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(EFOMM - 2018)
O homem deve reencontrar o Paraíso...
Rubem Alves
Era uma família grande, todos amigos. Viviam como todos nós: moscas presas na enorme teia de aranha que é a vida da cidade. Todos os dias a aranha que é a vida da cidade. Todos os dias a aranha lhes arrancava um pedaço. Ficaram cansados. Resolveram mudar de vida: um sonho louco: navegar! Um barco, o mar, o céu, as estrelas, os horizontes sem fim: liberdade. Venderam o que tinham, compraram um barco capaz de atravessar mares e sobreviver tempestades.
Mas para navegar não basta sonhar. É preciso saber. São muitos os saberes necessários para se navegar. Puseram-se então a estudar cada um aquilo que teria de fazer no barco: manutenção do casco, instrumentos de navegação, astronomia, meteorologia, as velas, as cordas, as polias e roldanas, os mastros, o leme, os parafusos, o motor, o radar, o rádio, as ligações elétricas, os mares, os mapas... Disse cero o poeta: Navegar é preciso, a ciência da navegação é saber preciso, exige aparelhos, números e medições. Barcos se fazem com precisão, astronomia se aprende com o rigor da geometria, velas se fazem com saberes exatos sobre tecidos, cordas e ventos, instrumentos de navegação não informam mais ou menos. Assim, eles se tornaram cientistas, especialistas, cada um na sua – juntos para navegar.
Chegou então o momento de grande decisão – para onde navegar. Um sugeria as geleiras do sul do Chile, outro os canais dos fiordes da Noruega, um outro queria conhecer os exóticos mares e praias das ilhas do Pacífico, e houve mesmo quem quisesse navegar nas rotas de Colombo. E foi então que compreenderam que, quando o assunto era a escolha do destino, as ciências que conheciam para nada serviam.
De nada valiam, tabelas, gráficos, estatísticas. Os computadores, coitados, chamados a dar seu palpite, ficaram em silêncio. Os computadores não têm preferências – falta-lhes essa sutil capacidade de gostar, que é a essência da vida humana. Perguntados sobre o porto de sua escolha, disseram que não entendiam a pergunta, que não lhes importava para onde se estava indo.
Se os barcos se fazem com ciência, a navegação faz-se com sonhos. Infelizmente a ciência, utilíssima, especialista em saber como as coisas funcionam, tudo ignora sobre o coração humano. É preciso sonhar para se decidir sobre o destino da navegação. Mas o coração humano, lugar dos sonhos, ao contrário da ciência, é coisa preciosa. Disse certo poeta: Viver não é preciso. Primeiro vem o impreciso desejo. Primeiro vem o impreciso desejo de navegar. Só depois vem a precisa ciência de navegar.
Naus e navegação têm sido uma das mais poderosas imagens na mente dos poetas. Ezra Pound inicia seus Cânticos dizendo: E pois com a nau no mar/ assestamos a quilho contra as vagas... Cecília Meireles: Foi, desde sempre, o mar! A solidez da terra, monótona/ parece-nos fraca ilusão! Queremos a ilusão do grande mar / multiplicada em suas malhas de perigo. E Nietzsche: Amareis a terra de vossos filhos, terra não descoberta, no mar mais distante. Que as vossas velas não se cansem de procurar esta terra! O nosso leme nos conduz para a terra dos nossos filhos... Viver é navegar no grande mar!
Não só os poetas: C. Wright Mills, um sociólogo sábio, comparou a nossa civilização a uma galera que navega pelos mares. Nos porões estão os remadores. Remam com precisão cada vez maior. A cada novo dia recebem novos, mais perfeitos. O ritmo da remadas acelera. Sabem tudo sobre a ciência do remar. A galera navega cada vez mais rápido. Mas, perguntados sobre o porto do destino, respondem os remadores: O porto não nos importa. O que importada é a velocidade com que navegamos.
C Wright Mills usou esta metáfora para descrever a nossa civilização por meio duma imagem plástica: multiplicam-se os meios técnicos e científicos ao nosso dispor, que fazem com que as mudanças sejam cada vez mais rápidas; mas não temos ideia alguma de para onde navegamos. Para onde? Somente um navegador louco ou perdido navegaria sem ter ideia do para onde. Em relação à vida da sociedade, ela contém a busca de uma utopia. Utopia, na linguagem comum, é usada como sonho impossível de ser realizado. Mas não é isso. Utopia é um ponto inatingível que indica uma direção.
Mário Quintana explicou a utopia com um verso: Se as coisas são inatingíveis... ora!/ não é um motivo para não querê-las... Que tristes os caminho, se não fora/ A mágica presença das estrelas! Karl Mannheim, outro sociólogo sábio que poucos leem, já na década de 1920 diagnosticava a doença da nossa civilização: Não temos consciência de direções, não escolhemos direções. Faltam-nos estrelas que nos indiquem o destino.
Hoje, ele dizia, as únicas perguntas que são feitas, determinadas pelo pragmatismo da tecnologia (o importante é produzir o objeto) e pelo objetivismo da ciência (o importante é saber como funciona), são: Como posso fazer tal coisa? Como posso resolver este problema concreto em particular? E conclui: E em todas essas perguntas sentimos o eco intimista: não preciso de me preocupar com o todo, ele tomará conta de si mesmo.
Em nossas escolas é isso que se ensina: a precisa ciência da navegação, sem que os estudantes sejam levados a sonhar com as estrelas. A nau navega veloz e sem rumo. Nas universidades, essa doença assume a forma de peste epidêmica: cada especialista se dedica com paixão e competência, a fazer pesquisas sobre o seu parafuso, sua polia, sua vela, seu mastro.
Dizem que seu dever é produzir conhecimento. Se forem bem-sucedidas, suas pesquisas serão publicadas em revistas internacionais. Quando se lhes pergunta: Para onde seu barco está navegando?, eles respondem: Isso não é científico. Os sonhos não são objetos de conhecimento científico.
E assim ficam os homens comuns abandonados por aqueles que, por conhecerem mares e estrelas, lhes poderiam mostrar o rumo. Não posso pensar a missão das escolas, começando com as crianças e continuando com os cientistas, como outra que não a da realização do dito poeta: Navegar é preciso. Viver não é preciso.
É necessário ensinar os precisos saberes da navegação enquanto ciência. Mas é necessário apontar com imprecisos sinais para os destinos da navegação: A terra dos filhos dos meus filhos, no mar distante... Na verdade, a ordem verdadeira é a inversa. Primeiro, os homens sonham com navegar. Depois aprendem a ciência da navegação. É inútil ensinar a ciência da navegação a quem mora nas montanhas.
O meu sonho para a educação foi dito por Bachelard: O universo tem um destino de felicidade. O homem deve reencontrar o Paraíso. O paraíso é o jardim, lugar de felicidade, prazeres e alegrias para os homens e mulheres. Mas há um pesadelo que me atormenta: o deserto. Houve um momento em que se viu, por entre as estrelas, um brilho chamado progresso. Está na bandeira nacional... E, quilha contra as vagas, a galera navega em direção ao progresso, a uma velocidade cada vez maior, e ninguém questiona a direção. E é assim que as florestas são destruídas, os rios se transformam em esgotos de fezes e veneno, o ar se enche de gases, os campos se cobrem de lixo – e tudo ficou feio e triste.
Sugiro aos educadores que pensem menos nas tecnologias do ensino – psicologias e quinquilharias – e tratem de sonhar, com os seus alunos, sonhos de um Paraíso.
Obs.: O texto foi adaptado às regras do Novo Acordo Ortográfico.
Quanto ao processo de formação de palavras, o de conversão NÃO está presente na palavra sublinhada na alternativa
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(AFA - 2018)
FOOD SHORTAGE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. The scarcity of food is caused by economic, environmental and social factors such as crop failure, overpopulation and poor government policies are the main cause of food scarcity in most countries. Environmental factors determine the kind of crops to be produced in a given place, economic factors determine the buying and production capacity and socio-political factors determine distribution of food to the masses. Food shortage has far reaching long and short term negative impacts which include starvation, malnutrition, increased mortality and political unrest. There is need to collectively address the issue of food insecurity using both emergency and long term measures.
Causes of food shortages
There are a number of social factors causing food shortages. The rate of population increase is higher than increase in food production. The world is consuming more than it is producing, leading to decline in food stock and storage level and increased food prices due to soaring demand. Increased population has led to clearing of agricultural land for human settlement reducing agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Overcrowding of population in a given place results in urbanization of previously rich agricultural fields. Destruction of forests for human settlement, particularly tropical rain forest has led to climatic changes, such as prolonged droughts and desertification. Population increase means more pollution as people use more fuel in cars, industry, domestic cooking. The resultant effect is increased air and water pollution which affect the climate and food production.
Environmental factors have greatly contributed to food shortage. Climatic change has reduced agricultural production. The change in climate is majorly caused by human activities and to some small extent natural activities. Increased combustion of fossil fuels due to increasing population through power plant, motor transport and mining of coal and oil emits green house gases which have continued to affect world climate. Deforestation of tropical forest due to human pressure has changed climatic patterns and rainfall seasons, and led to desertification which cannot support a crop production. Land degradation due to increased human activities has impacted negatively on agricultural production (Kamdor, 2007). Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and prolonged droughts are on the increase and have devastating impacts on food security particularly in developing countries. There are several economic factors that contribute to food shortage. Economic factors affect the ability of farmers to engage in agricultural production. Poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers. They use poor farming methods that cannot yield enough, even substantial use. Investments in agricultural research and developing are very low in developing nations. Recent global financial crisis have led to increase in food prices and reduced investments in agriculture by individuals and governments in developed nations resulting in reduced food production.
Effects of food shortage
There are a number of short term effects of food shortage. The impact on children, mothers and elderly are very evident as seen in malnutrition and hunger related deaths. Children succumb to hunger within short period as they cannot stand long period of starvation and they die even before the arrival of emergency assistance.
There are also long term effects of food shortage. These include increase in the price of food as a result demand and supply forces. Increasing cost of food production due to the increase in fuel prices coupled with persistent drought in grain producing regions has contributed to the increase in the price of food in the world. Increase in oil price led to increase in the price of fertilizers, transportation of food and also industrial agriculture. Increasing food prices culminated in political instability and social unrest in several nations across the globe in 2007, in countries of Mexico, Cameroon, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Pakistan, Egypt and Bangladesh among other nations (Kamdor, 2007).
Solution to problem of food shortage
There are some solutions to the problem of food shortage. There is need to reduce production of carbon emissions and pollution to reduce the resultant climatic change through concerted and individual efforts. There is need to invest in clean energy such as solar, nuclear, and geothermal power in homes and industries, because they don’t have adverse effects on the environment (Kamdor, 2007). Rich nations should help poor nations to develop and use clean and renewable energy in order to stabilize green house emissions into the atmosphere (Watson, nd). Government need to work in consultation with climatic bodies, World Bank and the UN to engage in projects aimed at promoting green environment.
Conclusion
Causes of food shortage are well known and can be solved if appropriate measures to solve the problem are taken and effectively implemented. Environmental causes of food shortages are changes in climatic and pollution due to human activities such overgrazing and deforestation which can be controlled through legislation.
(Adapted from http://www.paypervids.com/food-shortage-causes- effects-solutions/Acesso em:14 fev 2017)
Glossary:
1. unrest – disagreement or fighting between different groups of people
2. soaring – something that increases rapidly above the usual level
3. yield – to supply or produce something such as profit or an amount or food
In “poverty situation in developing nations have reduced their capacity to produce food, as most farmers cannot afford seed and fertilizers” (lines 53 to 55), the underlined word means
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