Questão 38
UNICAMP 2018
(UNICAMP - 2018 - 1ª FASE)
The modern form of Newton's second law occurs nowhere in any edition of the Principia even though he had seen his second law formulated in this way in print during the interval between the second and third editions in Jacob Hermann's Phoronomia of 1716. Instead, it has the following formulation in all three editions: A change in _____1_____ is proportional to the motive _____2_____ impressed and takes place along the _____3_____ line in which that force is _____4_____. In the body of the Principia this law is applied both to _____5_____ cases, in which an instantaneous impulse such as from impact is effecting the change in motion, and to cases of _____6_____ action, such as the change in motion in the continuous deceleration of a body moving in a resisting medium. Newton thus appears to have intended his second law to be neutral between discrete forces (that is, what we now call impulses) and continuous forces.
(Adaptado de George Smith, "Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica", em Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2008 Edition). Disponível em https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2008/entries/newton-principia/. Acessado em 24/10/2017.)
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência adequada de palavras que preenchem as lacunas do texto acima, para que os conceitos utilizados estejam corretos.
Motion, force, straight, impressed, discrete, continuous.
Force, motion, impressed, straight, discrete, continuous.
Motion, force, impressed, straight, continuous, discrete.
Force, motion, straight, impressed, continuous, discrete.
Gabarito:
Motion, force, straight, impressed, discrete, continuous.
Resolução:
[A]
O candidato deve recorrer a seus conhecimentos de Física a respeito da segunda Lei de Newton (princípio fundamental da Dinâmica) e ao texto. A análise linguística encontra-se a seguir.
A alternativa [A] está correta, pois completa as lacunas perfeitamente. As palavras da alternativa encontram-se em negrito. "A change in _____1_____ is proportional to the motive _____2_____ impressed and takes place along the _____3_____ line in which that force is _____4_____. In the body of the Principia this law is applied both to _____5_____ cases, in which an instantaneous impulse such as from impact is effecting the change in motion, and to cases of _____6_____ action, such as the change in motion in the continuous deceleration of a body moving in a resisting medium". (Uma mudança no movimento é proporcional à força motora aplicada e ocorre ao longo da linha reta na qual aquela força é aplicada. Nos textos do Principia essa lei é aplicada tanto em casos discretos, nos quais um impulso instantâneo, como por exemplo o de um impacto, está provocando a mudança no movimento, e para casos de ação contínua, tais como a mudança no movimento na desaceleração contínua de um corpo que se move em um meio resistente).