FUVEST 2013

Questão 3477

(Mackenzie - 2013)

Will Melinda Gates Change the Game for Women?

She plans to use the Gates Foundation’s billions to revolutionize contraception worldwide.

In the 12 years since Melinda Gates and her husband, Bill, created the Gates Foundation, the world’s largest philanthropic organization, she has done a lot of traveling. A reserved woman who has long been wary of the public glare attached to the Gates name, she comes alive, her associates say, when she’s visiting the foundation’s projects in remote corners of the world. “You get her out in the fi eld with a group of women, sitting on a mat or under a tree or in a hut, she is totally in her element, totally comfortable,” says Gary Darmstadt, director of family health at the foundation’s global health program.

Visiting vaccine programs in sub-Saharan Africa, Gates would often ask women at remote clinics what else they needed. Very often, she says, they would speak urgently about birth control. “Women sitting on a bench, 20 of them, immediately they’ll start speaking out and saying, ‘I wish I had that injection I used to get,’” says Gates. “‘I came to this clinic three months ago, and I got my injection. I came last week, and I couldn’t get it, and I’m here again.’”

They were talking about Depo-Provera, which is popular in many poor countries because women need to take it only four times a year, and because they can hide it, if necessary, from unsupportive husbands. As Gates discovered, injectable contraceptives, like many other forms of birth control, are frequently out of stock in clinics in the developing world, a result of both funding shortages and supply-chain problems. Women would tell her that they’d left their farms and walked for hours, sometimes with children in tow, often without the knowledge of their husbands, in their fruitless search for the shot. “I was just stunned by how vociferous women were about what they wanted,” she says.

Because of those women, Gates made a decision that’s likely to change lives all over the world. As she revealed in an exclusive interview with Newsweek, she has decided to make family planning her signature issue and primary public health a priority.

By Michelle Goldberg

The sentence “Gates would often ask women at remote clinics what else they needed” in the direct speech is 

Questão 3491

(UNIFESP - 2013)

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

Life of a Nantucket Surgeon

By Tara Parker-Pope

July 27, 2012

In her new book, “Island Practice”, the New York Times reporter Pam Belluck tells the story of Dr. Timothy Lepore, a quirky 67-year-old physician who for the past 30 years has been the only surgeon working on the island of Nantucket. But Dr. Lepore is no ordinary surgeon. Life on an island, even one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous, requires a certain amount of resourcefulness and flexibility. Over the years Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need, often challenging conventional notions of medicine and redefining what it means to be a healer. While his surgical skills have been used for minor repairs and lifesaving procedures, he often works as a general practitioner, treating everyday ailments. Distraught island residents also call on him for counseling and comfort, and he even steps into the role of veterinarian when needed. I recently spoke with Ms. Belluck about the time she spent with Dr. Lepore. Here’s part of our conversation.

— I think of Nantucket as a posh summer tourist destination. Were you surprised to find such a quirky character there?

I thought of it as this rich summer haven, but there is this whole year-round population that is really interesting and diverse and has to scrabble for a living. Even the hardship was surprising. You think any place is accessible, but there are a lot of times where you cannot get on or off the island, and you can’t get what you need. Even though they have fast ferries and airplanes now, you’re still at the mercy of the elements, and that creates a lot of drama.

— What kinds of challenges has Dr. Lepore faced?

Part of it is the fact that as the only surgeon, you kind of need to do everything, and you may not know how to do something. There was a guy who came home and had forgotten to pick up potatoes, and his wife stabbed him in the heart. It’s the kind of stab wound that only 10 percent of patients make it to the hospital alive, and 1 percent will survive. Dr. Lepore had never seen anything like this before, but there was no time to get the guy off the island. So he had to reach in and get the heart started. There wasn’t the right equipment to sew him up, and they had only six units of blood, which is not that much. But he’s an encyclopedia of arcane facts, and he remembered that in the 1800s they used black silk thread for this kind of injury. They found some black silk thread, and he managed to close this guy’s heart and get it beating again. The guy survived and became a marathon runner. There is a field hospital-type feeling to it. You’re not under fire, but there is making do with what you have and flying by the seat of your pants. Often the weather is bad, and he has never done it before, but he just has to do it.

— Does he make a good living?

Does he take insurance? He takes insurance, but he also takes people who can’t pay at all. He will even allow people to pay him in kind. One of the undercurrents of the book is that his hospital on Nantucket is now run by Partners Health Care, the big health care corporation that runs Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. They have instituted some new systems, but he flouts many of them. He says, “Nobody is going to manage my time. Nobody is going to tell me what to do.” They can’t really complain because they need him.

(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

No excerto do primeiro parágrafo – Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need –, a expressão em destaque equivale, em português, a

Questão 3509

(UNIFESP - 2013)

Work after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful as smoking, study finds

Conal Urquhart and agencies

July 28, 2012

Working after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful for babies as smoking, according to a new study. Women who worked after they were eight months pregnant had babies on average around 230g lighter than those who stopped work between six and eight months. The University of Essex research – which drew on data from three major studies, two in the UK and one in the US – found the effect of continuing to work during the late stages of pregnancy was equal to that of smoking while pregnant. Babies whose mothers worked or smoked throughout pregnancy grew more slowly in the womb.

Past research has shown babies with low birth weights are at higher risk of poor health and slow development, and may suffer from a variety of problems later in life. Stopping work early in pregnancy was particularly beneficial for women with lower levels of education, the study found – suggesting that the effect of working during pregnancy was possibly more marked for those doing physically demanding work. The birth weight of babies born to mothers under the age of 24 was not affected by them continuing to work, but in older mothers the effect was more significant.

The researchers identified 1,339 children whose mothers were part of the British Household Panel Survey, which was conducted between 1991 and 2005, and for whom data was available. A further sample of 17,483 women who gave birth in 2000 or 2001 and who took part in the Millennium Cohort Study was also examined and showed similar results, along with 12,166 from the National Survey of Family Growth, relating to births in the US between the early 1970s and 1995.

One of the authors of the study, Prof. Marco Francesconi, said the government should consider incentives _____1_____ employers to offer more flexible maternity leave to women who might need a break before, _____2_____ after, their babies were born. He said: “We know low birth weight is a predictor of many things that happen later, including lower chances of completing school successfully, lower wages and higher mortality. We need to think seriously about parental leave, because – as this study suggests – the possible benefits of taking leave flexibly before the birth _____3_____ quite high.”

The study also suggests British women may be working for _____4_____ now during pregnancy. While 16% of mothers questioned by the British Household Panel Study, which went as far back as 1991, worked up to one month before the birth, the figure was 30% in the Millennium Cohort Study, whose subjects were born in 2000 and 2001.

(www.guardian.co.uk)

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 1 no texto.

Questão 4213

 O pêndulo de um relógio é constituído por uma haste rígida com um disco de metal preso em uma de suas extremidades. O disco oscila entre as posições A e C, enquanto a outra extremidade da haste permanece imóvel no ponto P. A figura abaixo ilustra o sistema. A força resultante que atua no disco quando ele passa por B, com a haste na direção vertical, é

(Note e adote: g é a aceleração local da gravidade.)

Questão 4268

(UNICAMP - 2013 - 1 FASE) Pressão parcial é a pressão que um gás pertencente a uma mistura teria se o mesmo gás ocupasse sozinho todo o volume disponível. Na temperatura ambiente, quando a umidade relativa do ar é de 100%, a pressão parcial de vapor de água vale 3,0 x10³ Pa. Nesta situação, qual seria a porcentagem de moléculas de água no ar?

Dados: a pressão atmosférica vale 1,0 x10⁵ Pa; considere que o ar se comporta como um gás ideal.

Questão 4431

(Ufrgs 2013)  A figura apresenta esquematicamente o sistema de transmissão de uma bicicleta convencional.

Na bicicleta, a coroa A conecta-se à catraca B através da correia P. Por sua vez, B é ligada à roda traseira R, girando com ela quando o ciclista está pedalando.

Nesta situação, supondo que a bicicleta se move sem deslizar, as magnitudes das velocidades angulares w_A, w_B, e w_R, são tais que

Questão 4501

(Ufrgs 2013) Um estudante movimenta um bloco homogêneo de massa M, sobre uma superfície horizontal, com forças de mesmo módulo F, conforme representa a figura abaixo.

Em X, o estudante empurra o bloco; em Y, o estudante puxa o bloco; em Z, o estudante empurra o bloco com força paralela ao solo.

O trabalho realizado pelo estudante para mover o bloco nas situações apresentadas, por uma mesma distância d, é tal que

Questão 4636

(Ufg 2013) O sistema óptico encontrado no farol de um automóvel é constituído por um espelho côncavo e uma lâmpada posicionada sobre o seu eixo de simetria. Considerando-se que o feixe de luz proveniente desse farol seja divergente, a posição da lâmpada deve ser 

Questão 4896

A extremidade de uma fibra ótica adquire o formato arredondado de uma microlente ao ser aquecida por um laser, acima da temperatura de fusão. A figura abaixo ilustra o formato da microlente para tempos de aquecimento crescentes (t₁ < t₂ < t₃).

Considere as afirmações:

I. O raio de curvatura da microlente aumenta com tempos crescentes de aquecimento.

II. A distância focal da microlente diminui com tempos crescentes de aquecimento.

III. Para os tempos de aquecimento apresentados na figura, a microlente é convergente.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Questão 4944

(Ufpr 2013) A indústria eletrônica busca produzir e aperfeiçoar dispositivos com propriedades elétricas adequadas para as mais diversas aplicações. O gráfico abaixo ilustra o comportamento elétrico de três dispositivos eletrônicos quando submetidos a uma tensão de operação V entre seus terminais, de modo que por eles circula uma corrente i.

Com base na figura acima, assinale a alternativa correta.