FUVEST 2014

Questão 25673

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

China’s one-child policy

China’s top legislature approved resolutions to officially amend its controversial one-child policy. The changes to the one-child policy will mean couples will be allowed to have two children if one of the parents was 5 an only child, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. Currently, both parents must be sole children to be eligible for a second child.

The one-child policy, which started in the 1970s, is believed to have prevented some 400 million births, 10 according to Xinhua. Although the policy has been applauded by many for slowing down China’s rapid population growth, it has also been widely criticized for resulting in forced abortions and hefty fines for families.

Some critics say the law hurts China’s elderly, who 15 typically rely on their children for support in old age, and even constrains economic growth as the working-age population begins to decline. Since the 1990s, the birth rate has declined, with Chinese women giving birth to an average of 1.4 to 1.6 children.

20 The world’s most populous nation will soon have too few people – or, rather, too few of the right kind of people. More than three decades of governmentmandated family planning have succeeded beyond the architects’ most grandiose dreams. Add to that the natural 25 inclination of richer, more educated people to limit their family size, and China’s population growth is projected to gradually diminish within fifteen years. That would leave the People’s Republic with a distorted population: too few youths, too few women and too many elderly.

30 Off icials say the easing of the one-child policy does not mean China is ending its family planning. “China still has a large population. This has not changed. Many of our economic and social problems are rooted in this reality,” said Jiang Fan, a National People’s Congress 35 deputy, in Chinese media. “We cannot risk the population growing out of control.”

PARK, Madison. China’s one-child policy. Disponível em: <http:// www.cnn.com/2013/12/28/world/asia/china-one-child-policy-official>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2014. Adaptado.

The author of this text believes that, within fifteen years,

Questão 25674

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

China’s one-child policy

China’s top legislature approved resolutions to officially amend its controversial one-child policy. The changes to the one-child policy will mean couples will be allowed to have two children if one of the parents was 5 an only child, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. Currently, both parents must be sole children to be eligible for a second child.

The one-child policy, which started in the 1970s, is believed to have prevented some 400 million births, 10 according to Xinhua. Although the policy has been applauded by many for slowing down China’s rapid population growth, it has also been widely criticized for resulting in forced abortions and hefty fines for families.

Some critics say the law hurts China’s elderly, who 15 typically rely on their children for support in old age, and even constrains economic growth as the working-age population begins to decline. Since the 1990s, the birth rate has declined, with Chinese women giving birth to an average of 1.4 to 1.6 children.

20 The world’s most populous nation will soon have too few people – or, rather, too few of the right kind of people. More than three decades of governmentmandated family planning have succeeded beyond the architects’ most grandiose dreams. Add to that the natural 25 inclination of richer, more educated people to limit their family size, and China’s population growth is projected to gradually diminish within fifteen years. That would leave the People’s Republic with a distorted population: too few youths, too few women and too many elderly.

30 Off icials say the easing of the one-child policy does not mean China is ending its family planning. “China still has a large population. This has not changed. Many of our economic and social problems are rooted in this reality,” said Jiang Fan, a National People’s Congress 35 deputy, in Chinese media. “We cannot risk the population growing out of control.”

PARK, Madison. China’s one-child policy. Disponível em: <http:// www.cnn.com/2013/12/28/world/asia/china-one-child-policy-official>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2014. Adaptado.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

Considering the future of China’s one-child law, Chinese officials like Jiang Fan

(  ) think that this policy is consistent with the nation’s plan for population growth.

(  ) emphasize that this policy is supposed to continue.

(  ) believe that the government intends to make it even stricter.

(  ) are in favor of abolishing this law as soon as possible.

According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

Questão 25675

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

China’s one-child policy

China’s top legislature approved resolutions to officially amend its controversial one-child policy. The changes to the one-child policy will mean couples will be allowed to have two children if one of the parents was 5 an only child, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. Currently, both parents must be sole children to be eligible for a second child.

The one-child policy, which started in the 1970s, is believed to have prevented some 400 million births, 10 according to Xinhua. Although the policy has been applauded by many for slowing down China’s rapid population growth, it has also been widely criticized for resulting in forced abortions and hefty fines for families.

Some critics say the law hurts China’s elderly, who 15 typically rely on their children for support in old age, and even constrains economic growth as the working-age population begins to decline. Since the 1990s, the birth rate has declined, with Chinese women giving birth to an average of 1.4 to 1.6 children.

20 The world’s most populous nation will soon have too few people – or, rather, too few of the right kind of people. More than three decades of governmentmandated family planning have succeeded beyond the architects’ most grandiose dreams. Add to that the natural 25 inclination of richer, more educated people to limit their family size, and China’s population growth is projected to gradually diminish within fifteen years. That would leave the People’s Republic with a distorted population: too few youths, too few women and too many elderly.

30 Off icials say the easing of the one-child policy does not mean China is ending its family planning. “China still has a large population. This has not changed. Many of our economic and social problems are rooted in this reality,” said Jiang Fan, a National People’s Congress 35 deputy, in Chinese media. “We cannot risk the population growing out of control.”

PARK, Madison. China’s one-child policy. Disponível em: <http:// www.cnn.com/2013/12/28/world/asia/china-one-child-policy-official>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2014. Adaptado.

The only pair of opposites is in alternative 

Questão 25676

(UEFS - 2014/2)

TEXTO:

China’s one-child policy

China’s top legislature approved resolutions to officially amend its controversial one-child policy. The changes to the one-child policy will mean couples will be allowed to have two children if one of the parents was 5 an only child, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency. Currently, both parents must be sole children to be eligible for a second child.

The one-child policy, which started in the 1970s, is believed to have prevented some 400 million births, 10 according to Xinhua. Although the policy has been applauded by many for slowing down China’s rapid population growth, it has also been widely criticized for resulting in forced abortions and hefty fines for families.

Some critics say the law hurts China’s elderly, who 15 typically rely on their children for support in old age, and even constrains economic growth as the working-age population begins to decline. Since the 1990s, the birth rate has declined, with Chinese women giving birth to an average of 1.4 to 1.6 children.

20 The world’s most populous nation will soon have too few people – or, rather, too few of the right kind of people. More than three decades of governmentmandated family planning have succeeded beyond the architects’ most grandiose dreams. Add to that the natural 25 inclination of richer, more educated people to limit their family size, and China’s population growth is projected to gradually diminish within fifteen years. That would leave the People’s Republic with a distorted population: too few youths, too few women and too many elderly.

30 Off icials say the easing of the one-child policy does not mean China is ending its family planning. “China still has a large population. This has not changed. Many of our economic and social problems are rooted in this reality,” said Jiang Fan, a National People’s Congress 35 deputy, in Chinese media. “We cannot risk the population growing out of control.”

PARK, Madison. China’s one-child policy. Disponível em: <http:// www.cnn.com/2013/12/28/world/asia/china-one-child-policy-official>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2014. Adaptado.

The conjunction “Although” (l. 10) is synonymous with

Questão 25677

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

Heads in the cloud

It all started with the wall. In 1999 education researcher Sugata Mitra and his colleagues thought it would be interesting to install a computer in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi to see what the 5 kids there might make of it. The results were stunning. With no supervision, the children taught themselves how to use the computer, including picking up English to look for answers to all sorts of questions. Subsequent similar experiments led Mitra to conclude that the most creative 10 and productive education comes when children aren’t threatened but inspired – especially by their peers. The traditional approach was created by the British to train the subjects of the empire, and, he argues, the system continues to produce “identical people for a machine that 15 no longer exists.” Instead, what he calls a self-organized learning environment is all about getting kids excited about what they can know. In a proposal that won Mitra the TED award this year, he suggests creating an enormous self-organized school in the cloud, where, with 20 a little guidance but minimal interference from “grandmothers,” kids can explore the universe at will to answer their own questions and those that are put to them.

DICKEY, Christopher. Heads in the cloud. In: Big Think, Around the world in six ideas. Newsweek, Mar 25, 2013. p. 8.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False). It’s stated in the text:

(  ) Sugata Mitra and his colleagues donated lots of computers to the inhabitants of a slum in New Delhi.

(  ) The slum kids were highly motivated by the opportunity of having a computer in their area.

(  ) The kids who lived in that slum couldn’t make the most of the opportunity because all the sites and comments were in English.

(  ) The slum kids learned how to use the computer all on their own.

According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

Questão 25678

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

Heads in the cloud

It all started with the wall. In 1999 education researcher Sugata Mitra and his colleagues thought it would be interesting to install a computer in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi to see what the 5 kids there might make of it. The results were stunning. With no supervision, the children taught themselves how to use the computer, including picking up English to look for answers to all sorts of questions. Subsequent similar experiments led Mitra to conclude that the most creative 10 and productive education comes when children aren’t threatened but inspired – especially by their peers. The traditional approach was created by the British to train the subjects of the empire, and, he argues, the system continues to produce “identical people for a machine that 15 no longer exists.” Instead, what he calls a self-organized learning environment is all about getting kids excited about what they can know. In a proposal that won Mitra the TED award this year, he suggests creating an enormous self-organized school in the cloud, where, with 20 a little guidance but minimal interference from “grandmothers,” kids can explore the universe at will to answer their own questions and those that are put to them.

DICKEY, Christopher. Heads in the cloud. In: Big Think, Around the world in six ideas. Newsweek, Mar 25, 2013. p. 8.

As far as the British traditional approach to train its subjects is considered, Sugata Mitra 

Questão 25679

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

Heads in the cloud

It all started with the wall. In 1999 education researcher Sugata Mitra and his colleagues thought it would be interesting to install a computer in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi to see what the 5 kids there might make of it. The results were stunning. With no supervision, the children taught themselves how to use the computer, including picking up English to look for answers to all sorts of questions. Subsequent similar experiments led Mitra to conclude that the most creative 10 and productive education comes when children aren’t threatened but inspired – especially by their peers. The traditional approach was created by the British to train the subjects of the empire, and, he argues, the system continues to produce “identical people for a machine that 15 no longer exists.” Instead, what he calls a self-organized learning environment is all about getting kids excited about what they can know. In a proposal that won Mitra the TED award this year, he suggests creating an enormous self-organized school in the cloud, where, with 20 a little guidance but minimal interference from “grandmothers,” kids can explore the universe at will to answer their own questions and those that are put to them.

DICKEY, Christopher. Heads in the cloud. In: Big Think, Around the world in six ideas. Newsweek, Mar 25, 2013. p. 8.

The phrase “picking up English” (l. 7) should be understood as 

Questão 25680

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

Heads in the cloud

It all started with the wall. In 1999 education researcher Sugata Mitra and his colleagues thought it would be interesting to install a computer in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi to see what the 5 kids there might make of it. The results were stunning. With no supervision, the children taught themselves how to use the computer, including picking up English to look for answers to all sorts of questions. Subsequent similar experiments led Mitra to conclude that the most creative 10 and productive education comes when children aren’t threatened but inspired – especially by their peers. The traditional approach was created by the British to train the subjects of the empire, and, he argues, the system continues to produce “identical people for a machine that 15 no longer exists.” Instead, what he calls a self-organized learning environment is all about getting kids excited about what they can know. In a proposal that won Mitra the TED award this year, he suggests creating an enormous self-organized school in the cloud, where, with 20 a little guidance but minimal interference from “grandmothers,” kids can explore the universe at will to answer their own questions and those that are put to them.

DICKEY, Christopher. Heads in the cloud. In: Big Think, Around the world in six ideas. Newsweek, Mar 25, 2013. p. 8.

The phrase “With no supervision” (l. 6) can be exactly rephrased as 

Questão 25681

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

Heads in the cloud

It all started with the wall. In 1999 education researcher Sugata Mitra and his colleagues thought it would be interesting to install a computer in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi to see what the 5 kids there might make of it. The results were stunning. With no supervision, the children taught themselves how to use the computer, including picking up English to look for answers to all sorts of questions. Subsequent similar experiments led Mitra to conclude that the most creative 10 and productive education comes when children aren’t threatened but inspired – especially by their peers. The traditional approach was created by the British to train the subjects of the empire, and, he argues, the system continues to produce “identical people for a machine that 15 no longer exists.” Instead, what he calls a self-organized learning environment is all about getting kids excited about what they can know. In a proposal that won Mitra the TED award this year, he suggests creating an enormous self-organized school in the cloud, where, with 20 a little guidance but minimal interference from “grandmothers,” kids can explore the universe at will to answer their own questions and those that are put to them.

DICKEY, Christopher. Heads in the cloud. In: Big Think, Around the world in six ideas. Newsweek, Mar 25, 2013. p. 8.

Considering verb forms used in the text, it’s correct to say: 

Questão 25682

(UEFS 2014 - Meio do ano)

TEXTO:

A team of Peruvian archaeologists has found a new trail leading to the Machu Picchu complex in Cusco, Peru — even if much of the road is still heavily covered by thick vegetation. The discovery was announced by 5 the director of the Archaeological Park of Machu Picchu, Fernando Astete. The new road, almost a mile long, leads to the Wayraqtambo area located in the rear section of the citadel.

A team of workers are still on site cleaning the path, 10 whose width varies between 3.9 and 4.5 feet, to clean the road of brushes and trees. At the moment, only intermittent retaining walls, up to 10 feet high, holding back Machu Picchu mountain can be seen. “We don’t know yet exactly how long or how tall the tunnel is,”

15 Astete told Fox News Latino, explaining that much excavation needs to be done. The tunnel was built after 20 feet of earth and rock collapsed over the road, he added. “[The Incas] had to break up all those rocks to construct the tunnel.”

20 The road includes a tunnel—around 15 feet long and as much as 12 feet high—built with the rocks typical of Inca architecture. “It is one of the finest examples of Inca engineering,”

Astete has said. Astete told FNL that the newly-discovered road 25 probably predates Machu Picchu itself, which was built at the height of the Inca Empire, around 1450, and was unknown to the outside world before being discovered in 1911 by the American historian Hiram Bingham.

While Machu Picchu’s original purpose is still 30 unknown, one of the most popular theories about the site is that it was the royal retreat of the 15th-century Inca Emperor Pachacuti. According to a National Geographic report published in 2011, this idea maintains that Machu Picchu was a place for Pachacuti and his 35 royal court to relax, hunt, and entertain guests.

Machu Picchu, which covers 32,592 hectares of mountain slopes, peaks and valleys, was declared one of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites in 1983.

New Trail to Machu Picchu. Disponível em: <http:// latino.foxnews.com/latino/lifestyle/2014/06/06/new-trail-to-machupicchu-found-in-peru-nearly-mile-long-and-wit-tunnel/>. Acesso em: 13 jun. 2014. Adaptado.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

About the new trail to Machu Picchu, it’s correct to say:

(  ) It’s narrower than a five feet path.

(  ) It has already been cleared of all kinds of vegetation.

(  ) There is a regular high wall all around it.

(  ) Its discovers are still uncertain about the exact size of its tunnel.

According to the text, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is