FUVEST 2003

Questão 3357

(UFMG - 2003)

Traveling

To some extent, traveling entails fantasizing. We dream of finding someone interesting away from vigilant neighbors, from family control, from our own self-criticism. There is nothing necessarily [5] wrong with that fantasy nor with its realization. Now traveling is more rewarding, much more complex than that.

It means coming out of hiding, getting out of the rut, looking around ourselves, seeing the world, [10] opening our minds to new dimensions of human existence. At a certain moment in our life, that may include an opening to new relationships, seen as rewarding experiences. On the other hand, traveling may develop our ability to stay alone, to face up to our fears, to meet the unknown head on, without turning to others for safety. It means being able to survive without old habits. While [15] traveling for pleasure, a workaholic may feel the same withdrawal symptoms that plague those who cease to take addictive drugs. Traveling tests and helps develop our independence. It makes us feel that the ground under our feet is within ourselves, not outside.

Getting in touch with another culture also elicits fantasies involving [20] "the stranger". Foreigners evoke many different emotions. One of them is the magic that surrounds someone from a distant, mysterious world. Only everyday-life can disentangle reality from magic. Yet, magic and enchantment do have a place in life.

In a sense, traveling distinguishes us from reptiles. Alligators, for instance, [25] are intent exclusively on survival; they never leave their territory, they never relinquish safety and protection. Merely surviving is not enough for us humans. We want to live, and that sometimes entails going out to distant places in search of adventure. Traveling, like any other human experience, may provide an opportunity to prepare even for death. If we succeed in coming out of [30] hiding and living in different environments, perhaps we will be less disturbed when our body no longer is part of our luggage and only our essence departs for the great adventure. Traveling is being confident about the fact that our life can be lived wherever we are.

Adapted from "Traveling, sex, and fantasies" by Maria de Melo Azevedo, Ícaro, n.189, May 2000. p. 20.

*os números entre colchetes indicam os números das linhas do texto original.

"Now traveling is more rewarding..." (line 6)

To keep the same meaning, the word now could be replaced by

Questão 3385

(PUC - PR - 2003)

Hamlet

The following is a short outline of Shakespeare's most famous play, Hamlet. Hamlet is the chief character in the play. The ghost of Hamlet's father appears and tells Hamlet how Claudius had murdered him by pouring poison into his ears as he lay asleep. The ghost orders Hamlet to revenge the murder. Hamlet promises that he will do so without delay. But he does delay. He thinks a great deal about what he has heard, and he thinks instead of acting. He believes what the ghost has said, but feels that he needs further proof of the murder.

In order to satisfy himself that the king is guilty, Hamlet arranges to have a play performed at court. In this play one of the actors pretends to poison another in just the same way as the king has poisoned Hamlet's father. As soon as Claudius sees this, he is frightened, and gets up and goes out. Hamlet now is quite certain of Claudius's guilt, but he still hesitates. Although he has opportunities to kill his uncle, he finds reasons why he should not do so yet. Once Hamlet finds him praying, and can kill him easily. He does not do so because he thinks that to kill the king at his prayers would be to send his soul straight to heaven.

When the fight takes place, Hamlet at first seems to be winning. The king offers him the cup of poisoned wine. He refuses it, but the queen takes it and drinks. Laertes and Hamlet go on fighting, Laertes wounds Hamlet, and as they struggle together they somehow change swords. Now Hamlet wounds Laertes. The queen falls, dying. Laertes, himself near death, tells Hamlet about the poisoned sword and wine. Hamlet, acting at last instead of thinking about acting, rushes at the guilty king and kills him. He has revenged the murder of his father, but a few minutes later he, too, is dead.

Supply the sentences with the correct alternative:

I - This is the hardest problem _____ I have ever had to face.

II - A doctor, _____ patients trust him, has great responsibility.

III - Vesuvius, _____ is a lofty volcano, overlooks the Bay of Naples.

IV - My friend Marcello, _____ is in hospital, is very ill.

V - There's something _____ I must tell you in confidence.

Questão 3386

(PUC Minas - 2003)

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

TEXT 1

One of the most important events of the twentieth century was the discovery of DNA, which led to the development of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering stands out as a significant twentieth-century event because it may allow us to end disease, hunger and pollution.

Although genetic engineering, as we know it today, is a relatively new science, for thousands of years, breeders of plants and animals have used breeding methods to produce better combinations of genes. We owe the success of modern technologies to the discovery of the structure of DNA by biologists James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Because of their discovery, scientists developed techniques for altering genes or combinations of genes in an organism. By changing an organism's genes, scientists were able to give organisms and their descendants different traits.

It is clear that the discovery of DNA and the subsequent development of genetic engineering techniques have dramatically changed our view of life and our ability to influence human health and the environment. These techniques allow doctors to insert normal genes into the cells of a patient with a hereditary disease to treat the disorder. Disorders that people have suffered and died from for centuries, such as cancer and cystic fibrosis, may now be eliminated.

In addition, scientists have engineered special genes into corn, tomato and soybean plants to make them resistant to disease. Improving the quality of food plants may lead to an end in world hunger. Genetic engineering also has potential in controlling pollution. Researchers are developing genetically engineered microorganisms that break down garbage, toxic substances, and other wastes.

(BLASS, Laurie; PIKE-BAKY, Meredith. Tapestry - Writing 2. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 2000, p. 200. Adapted).

The word "which" refers to the

Questão 3415

(PUC Camp - 2003)

Texto I

Globalização: sociedade anônima

Como os efeitos da globalização vêm nos atingindo já há um bom tempo, está mais do que na hora de buscar analisá-los: uma das formas de se conhecer um fenômeno é sofrer suas consequências. Quando Maquiavel dizia, metaforicamente, que é da planície que melhor reconhecemos a montanha, admitia que a posição dos subalternos é estratégica para a análise de quem está por cima. Hoje, os poderosos da globalização proclamam: "Vejam, estamos todos na montanha!" O problema é que a grande maioria da humanidade continua a rastejar no raso da planície.

A dificuldade da análise dos vários aspectos da globalização está em separar o joio do trigo, ou mesmo em tentar reconhecer os elementos que aparecem como em estado de fusão. A princípio, não há como contestar os benefícios dos avanços tecnológicos, da comunicação pela Internet, da derrubada de muros físicos e simbólicos, do escancaramento das fronteiras econômicas, da tentativa de pôr fim a todo e qualquer apartheid. Tudo isso é apresentado e vendido dentro do grande "pacote" da globalização. Mas...

Mas a experiência vem nos dizendo também outras coisas. A concentração de renda é cada vez mais brutal; se as grandes operações econômicas ignoram os limites políticos dos países, defendem muito bem o espaço fechado, reduzidíssimo de seus centros de decisão. No mundo globalizado, o sentimento nacionalista é tido como uma aberração romântica, mas os países mais poderosos não abrem mão dos "legítimos interesses" da "soberania nacional". Desse ponto de vista, só subdesenvolvido não precisa ter pátria, pois se alguém contesta o american way of life imediatamente se levantam os hinos e as bandeiras... Em suma: a globalização é ótima para quem a comanda, lembrando-nos que a melhor posição num stand de tiro continua sendo atrás da espingarda.

O sonho de uma comunidade ampla e harmônica é antigo. Quando Platão imaginou sua República ideal, obviamente não pensava em Césares, Napoleões, ou impérios colonizadores, nem em todo-poderosos diretores de fundos internacionais; pensava em sábios legisladores. Hoje as bolsas de valores, se não geram empregos, geram mais efeitos do que todos os congressos dos países do Terceiro Mundo. E quando um senador primeiro-mundista defende drástica intervenção no Oriente Médio, o que está por trás de seu voto é uma convicção política, a indústria de armamentos ou o olho gordo no petróleo alheio? Não se pode confundir o desejo de uma ampla solidariedade internacional com as práticas de um hipermercado planetário.

O estanho, se dourado, não ganha as propriedades do ouro, assim como o emblema de uma Ferrari no capô de um fusquinha não o transforma num bólido. A ideologia da globalização pretende impor, alegando o "interesse universal", um sistema privado que potencializa o lucro privado. Em outras palavras: otimiza-se a equação de interesses de uns poucos como se essa operação resolvesse a complexa matriz de todos os interesses.

No plano cultural, a situação não é menos contraditória. As informações circulam na velocidade da luz, provocam reações em cadeia, e tanto podem tratar da preservação do ambiente, do desenvolvimento sustentável, da clonagem e dos transgênicos, quanto estimular o consumo desenfreado, a pornografia, a agressividade e a competição. Nesse cadinho miraculoso pretendese apurar uma substância homogênea, na qual se sintetizariam os princípios universais e se eliminariam todas as contradições. No mercado da cultura globalizada, muitos corpos parecem querer ocupar o mesmo espaço, substituindo-se a hierarquia, a escolha e o mérito dos valores pelo vale-tudo da mídia e do interesse do mercado. O aspecto mais assustador da globalização está nisto: ela se apresenta como uma realidade instalada e um planejamento do nosso futuro histórico tão eficaz que, a partir dela, ficamos dispensados de pensar, de hesitar, de duvidar. Na programação desse megacomputador globalizante, somos todos usuários, clientes e assinantes; para ela, a consciência crítica representa um vírus a ser detectado e eliminado. Já os que não estão ao seu alcance, os que sequer ingressaram no mercado como consumidores, esses simplesmente não contam: que façam o favor de não incomodar o ritmo da civilização, da tecnologia e do progresso, morrendo em silêncio, anonimamente, na planície.

(Vitorino de Paula)

Texto II

As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up globalization, examine it from all sides, dissect it, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself... Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant.

Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider. Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits.

(Adapted from Globalization. Copyright 2002 About, Inc.)

O texto sobre globalização, em inglês, 

Questão 3445

(FUVEST - 2003 - 1a Fase)

Read the following text:

I USED TO THINK I COULD quit checking my e-mail any time I wanted to, but I stopped kidding myself years ago. My e-mail program is up and running 24 hours a day, and once I submit to its siren call, ¹whole hours can go missing. I have a friend who recently found herself stuck on a cruise ship near Panama that didn’t offer e-mail, so she chartered a helicopter to take her to the nearest Internet café. There was nothing in her queue but junk mail and other spam, but she thought the trip was worth it. I know how she felt. You never know when you’re going to get that note from Uncle Eric about your inheritance. Or that White House dinner invitation with a time-sensitive R.S.V.P.

TIME, JUNE 10, 2002

Choose the correct translation for "...whole hours can go missing." (ref. 1)

Questão 3486

(Mackenzie - 2003)

Right Hand, Left Hand

The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures
CHRIS MCMANUS

A labor of love and enthusiasm as well as deep scientific knowledge, Right Hand, Left Hand takes the reader on a trip through history, around the world, and into the cosmos, to explore the place of handedness in nature and culture. Chris McManus considers evidence from anthropology, particle physics, the history of medicine, and the notebooks of Leonardo to answer questions like: Why are most people right-handed? Are left-handed people cognitively different from right-handers? Why is the heart almost always on the left side of the body? Why does European writing go from left to right, while Arabic and Hebrew go from right to left? Why do tornadoes spin counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere? And how do we know that Jack the Ripper was left-handed?

McManus reminds readers that distinctions between right and left have been profoundly meaningful - imbued with moral and religious meaning - in societies throughout history, and suggests that our preoccupation with laterality may originate in our asymmetric bodies, which emerged from 550 million years of asymmetric vertebrate evolution, and may even be linked to the asymmetric structure of matter. With speculations embedded in science, Right Hand, Left Hand offers entertainment and new insight to scientists and general readers alike.

Chris McManus is Professor of Psychology and Medical Education at University College London. and co-editor of the "Cambridge Handbook of Psychology" - Health, and Medicine and the journal Laterality. (From: www .hup. harvard .edu/ catalog I MCMRIG. html)

The question "Are left-handed people cognitively different from right-handers?" in the indirect speech is: 

Questão 3511

(PUC-Rio - 2004)

Text 1

The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The 6abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided substantial medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been carefully examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. Scientists estimate that, at the accelerating rate at which rainforests are now being destroyed, as much as 20 or 25 percent of the world's plant species will soon be 7extinct.

1Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are obtained from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$ 43 billion some years ago. Seventy percent of the 3,000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are characteristic of the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. 2For maladies ranging from persistent headaches to 8lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest 9medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers.

Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as models from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds. For example, the blueprint for aspirin comes from extracts of willow trees found in the rainforest. Neostigmine, a chemical obtained from the Calabar bean and used to treat glaucoma in West Africa, also provides the blueprint for synthetic insecticides. However, the chemical structures of most natural drugs are very complex, and simple extraction is usually less expensive than synthesis. 3Ninety percent of the prescription drugs that are based on higher plants include direct extractions from plants.

Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. 4Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. 5Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially 10reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

http://www.ran.org/info_center/factsheets/05f.html 1995-2003 Rainforest Action Network

Mark the only sentence that CANNOT be correctly completed with the preposition FROM.

Questão 3562

(Ufv 2003) Um resistor R é colocado dentro de um recipiente de parede metálica, no qual é feito vácuo e que possui um termômetro incrustado em sua parede externa. Para ligar o resistor a uma fonte externa ao recipiente foi utilizado um fio, com isolamento térmico que impede transferência de calor para as paredes do recipiente. Essa situação encontra-se ilustrada na figura a seguir.

Ligando o resistor, nota-se que a temperatura indicada pelo termômetro aumenta, mostrando que há transferência de calor entre o resistor e o termômetro. Pode-se afirmar que os processos responsáveis por essa transferência de calor, na ordem CORRETA, são:

Questão 3572

(Ufscar 2003) Quando se coloca ao sol um copo com água fria, as temperaturas da água e do copo aumentam. Isso ocorre principalmente por causa do calor proveniente do Sol, que é transmitido à água e ao copo, por

Questão 3608

(Ufmg 2003) Em um laboratório de Física, Agostinho realiza o experimento representado, esquematicamente, na figura adiante.

Agostinho segura o bloco K sobre uma mesa sem atrito. Esse bloco está ligado por um fio a um outro bloco, L, que está sustentado por esse fio. Em um certo momento, Agostinho solta o bloco K e os blocos começam a se movimentar. O bloco L atinge o solo antes que o bloco K chegue à extremidade da mesa. Despreze as forças de atrito. Os blocos K e L são idênticos e cada um tem massa m. A altura da mesa é H e o bloco L, inicialmente, está a uma altura h do solo. A aceleração da gravidade é g. Nessas condições, imediatamente ANTES de o bloco L atingir o solo, a energia cinética do conjunto dos dois blocos é: