FUVEST 2018

Questão 54197

(UFPR - 2018 - 1ª FASE) 

Ancient dreams of intelligent machines: 3,000 years of robots

The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly fond of automata: they inspired his view that living things were biological machines that function like clockwork. Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after the philosopher’s death in 1650. This centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five.

According to the tale, a distraught Descartes had a clockwork Francine made: a walking, talking simulacrum. When Queen Christina invited the philosopher to Sweden in 1649, he sailed with the automaton concealed in a casket. Suspicious sailors forced the trunk open; when the mechanical child sat up to greet them, the horrified crew threw it overboard.

The story is probably apocryphal. But it sums up the hopes and fears that have been associated with human-like machines for nearly three millennia. Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits – in Descartes’s case, death itself. But this very unnaturalness terrifies and repulses others. In our era of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), those polarized responses persist, with pundits and the public applauding or warning against each advance. Digging into the deep history of intelligent machines, both real and imagined, we see how these attitudes evolved: from fantasies of trusty mechanical helpers to fears that runaway advances in technology might lead to creatures that supersede humanity itself.

(Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05773-y>)

In the sentence “This centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever …”, the underlined word refers to the:

Questão 54198

(UFPR - 2018 - 1ª FASE) 

Ancient dreams of intelligent machines: 3,000 years of robots

The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly fond of automata: they inspired his view that living things were biological machines that function like clockwork. Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after the philosopher’s death in 1650. This centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five.

According to the tale, a distraught Descartes had a clockwork Francine made: a walking, talking simulacrum. When Queen Christina invited the philosopher to Sweden in 1649, he sailed with the automaton concealed in a casket. Suspicious sailors forced the trunk open; when the mechanical child sat up to greet them, the horrified crew threw it overboard.

The story is probably apocryphal. But it sums up the hopes and fears that have been associated with human-like machines for nearly three millennia. Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits – in Descartes’s case, death itself. But this very unnaturalness terrifies and repulses others. In our era of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), those polarized responses persist, with pundits and the public applauding or warning against each advance. Digging into the deep history of intelligent machines, both real and imagined, we see how these attitudes evolved: from fantasies of trusty mechanical helpers to fears that runaway advances in technology might lead to creatures that supersede humanity itself.

(Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05773-y>)

A partir das informações apresentadas no texto, considere as seguintes afirmativas:

1. Descartes viajou para a Suécia com um robô escondido.

2. Os marinheiros abriram à força um baú que continha o simulacro de uma criança.

3. A tripulação fez uma apresentação do robô para os passageiros do navio.

4. Chocados com o que viram, os marinheiros jogaram o humanoide ao mar.

Assinale a alternativa correta

Questão 54199

(UFPR - 2018 - 1ª FASE) 

Ancient dreams of intelligent machines: 3,000 years of robots

The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly fond of automata: they inspired his view that living things were biological machines that function like clockwork. Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after the philosopher’s death in 1650. This centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five.

According to the tale, a distraught Descartes had a clockwork Francine made: a walking, talking simulacrum. When Queen Christina invited the philosopher to Sweden in 1649, he sailed with the automaton concealed in a casket. Suspicious sailors forced the trunk open; when the mechanical child sat up to greet them, the horrified crew threw it overboard.

The story is probably apocryphal. But it sums up the hopes and fears that have been associated with human-like machines for nearly three millennia. Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits – in Descartes’s case, death itself. But this very unnaturalness terrifies and repulses others. In our era of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), those polarized responses persist, with pundits and the public applauding or warning against each advance. Digging into the deep history of intelligent machines, both real and imagined, we see how these attitudes evolved: from fantasies of trusty mechanical helpers to fears that runaway advances in technology might lead to creatures that supersede humanity itself.

(Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05773-y>)

In the sentence “Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits …”, the underlined word refers to:

Questão 54200

(UFPR - 2018 - 1ª FASE) 

Ancient dreams of intelligent machines: 3,000 years of robots

The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly fond of automata: they inspired his view that living things were biological machines that function like clockwork. Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after the philosopher’s death in 1650. This centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five.

According to the tale, a distraught Descartes had a clockwork Francine made: a walking, talking simulacrum. When Queen Christina invited the philosopher to Sweden in 1649, he sailed with the automaton concealed in a casket. Suspicious sailors forced the trunk open; when the mechanical child sat up to greet them, the horrified crew threw it overboard.

The story is probably apocryphal. But it sums up the hopes and fears that have been associated with human-like machines for nearly three millennia. Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits – in Descartes’s case, death itself. But this very unnaturalness terrifies and repulses others. In our era of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), those polarized responses persist, with pundits and the public applauding or warning against each advance. Digging into the deep history of intelligent machines, both real and imagined, we see how these attitudes evolved: from fantasies of trusty mechanical helpers to fears that runaway advances in technology might lead to creatures that supersede humanity itself.

(Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05773-y>)

According to the text, it is correct to say:

Questão 54260

(UFRGS - 2018) Considere as seguintes afirmações a respeito do experimento de Rutherford e do modelo atômico de Rutherford-Bohr.

I. A maior parte do volume do átomo é constituída pelo núcleo denso e positivo.

II. Os elétrons movimentam-se em órbitas estacionárias ao redor do núcleo.

III. O elétron, ao pular de uma órbita mais externa para uma mais interna, emite uma quantidade de energia bem definida.

Quais estão corretas?

Questão 54469

(UERJ - 2018)

Um carro se desloca ao longo de uma reta. Sua velocidade varia de acordo com o tempo, conforme indicado no gráfico.

A função que indica o deslocamento do carro em relação ao tempo t é:

Questão 54489

(UERJ - 2018)

Observe no diagrama as etapas de variação da temperatura e de mudanças de estado físico de uma esfera sólida, em função do calor por ela recebido. Admita que a esfera é constituída por um metal puro.

Durante a etapa D, ocorre a seguinte mudança de estado físico:

Questão 54530

(UPF - 2018)  Sobre um rio, há uma ponte de 20 metros de altura de onde um pescador deixa cair um anzol ligado a um peso de chumbo. Esse anzol, que cai a partir do repouso e em linha reta, atinge uma lancha que se deslocava com velocidade constante de 20m/s por esse rio. Nessas condições, desprezando a resistência do ar e admitindo que a aceleração gravitacional seja 10m/ pode-se afirmar que no exato momento do início da queda do anzol a lancha estava a uma distância do vertical da queda, em metros, de:

Questão 54952

(ACAFE - 2018) 

Las lluvias colapsan otra vez a la Ciudad de México

El embate del huracán Katia en el Golfo de México se traduce en inundaciones, socavones y el desbordamiento de un río en el sur de la capital

Las lluvias han vuelto a causar estragos en la Ciudad de México. Katia, que se convirtió en huracán el miércoles por la noche, ha hecho cumplir los pronósticos de tormenta y ha provocado severas inundaciones al sur de la capital, que colapsaron el tráfico en vías como calzada de Tlalpan, Acoxpa, el canal de Miramontes y la glorieta de Vaqueritos.

Los encharcamientos persisten en la mañana del jueves y las autoridades aún remueven toneladas de lodo por el desbordamiento del río San Buenaventura, en el límite de las delegaciones de Tlalpan y Xochimilco (sur). Una fisura en el drenaje abrió un socavón en Iztapalapa, al oriente de la metrópoli. Fue el tercer hundimiento en menos de 24 horas, junto el de Cuauhtémoc (centro) y Cuajimalpa (poniente).

La crecida del río San Buenaventura ha dejado bajo el lodo casas y coches al sur de la ciudad, en grandes avenidas que se convirtieron en ríos. El agua alcanzó más de metro y medio de altura en algunos puntos de la delegación Tlalpan. Varios muros se derrumbaron y el agua se metió a varias viviendas de vecinos de Coyoacán, Tláhuac y Xochimilco. El Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México trabaja para reconstruir los bordos de contención del río para evitar riesgos y daños por un nuevo desbordamiento.

Las autoridades calculan que tan solo este miércoles cayeron cerca de 11 millones de litros de agua. El colapso del tránsito de vehículos saturó el transporte público y las malas condiciones del tiempo obligaron el cierre de dos estaciones del tren ligero, que cubre la ruta sur de la ciudad.

Las fuertes lluvias azotaron el sur de la ciudad apenas la semana pasada por el paso de la tormenta Lidia, un ciclón que afectó sobre todo al Pacífico mexicano y la península de Baja California. La zona metropolitana sufrió fuertes chubascos, que dejaron casi 200 encharcamientos, cientos de casas inundadas y el colapso de varias estaciones del Metro capitalino. El Aeropuerto se vio obligado a cerrar por alrededor de seis horas.

Está previsto que las lluvias continúen los próximos cuatro días y que Katia se fortalezca hacia el fin de semana, ha informado la Comisión Nacional del Agua. El huracán tocará tierra entre la noche del viernes y la madrugada del sábado, probablemente con la fuerza de un ciclón categoría 2, según el último pronóstico del Gobierno.

Texto recortado a partir del periódico español “El país”: 
https://elpais.com/internacional/2017/09/07/mexico/1504794131_830372.html. Acceso en septiembre de 2017.

Considera la frase “El Aeropuerto se vio obligado a cerrar por alrededor de seis horas”, contemplada en el texto, y señala la proposición correcta.

Questão 55002

Determine o conjunto solução para a equação a seguir:

.