FUVEST 2019

Questão 52863

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

TERCEIRA QUESTÃO
“A falência do governo de Chiang Kai-shek revelou a derrocada da adoção da democracia burguesa europeia e norte-americana pela China [...] O movimento social camponês mostrou sua capacidade política e revolucionária, agrupando as demais classes e setores sociais em torno de suas lutas e se constituindo na principal força social da Revolução”.
REIS FILHO, Daniel Aarão. A Revolução Chinesa. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1981, p. 106-110. (Adaptado)

A) Explique os dois principais momentos da Revolução Chinesa: o movimento nacionalista de 1911 e a Revolução Comunista de 1949.

B) Acerca do Período Mao Tse-tung (1949-1976), explique o que foi o chamado movimento Desabrochar de Cem Flores (1956-1957).

Questão 52864

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

“A Comuna de Paris era, como a maior parte da história revolucionária de nosso período, importante não apenas por aquilo que realizou como por aquilo que anunciou; era mais formidável como um símbolo de que como um fato. Sua história verdadeira é obscurecida pelo mito enormemente poderoso que gerou, tanto na França como (através de Karl Marx) no movimento socialista internacional, um mito que reverbera até hoje, principalmente na República Popular da China. Ela foi extraordinária, heroica, dramática e trágica, mas em termos concretos foi breve e, na opinião da maioria dos observadores, condenada, um governo insurrecional de trabalhadores em uma única cidade, cuja realização maior foi o fato de ser realmente um governo, mesmo que durasse menos de dois meses.
HOBSBAWN, Eric. A Era do Capital 1848-1875. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1988. p. 180.

Após a derrota contra a Prússia em 1870, inicia-se na França a chamada Terceira República e o país passa a ser comandado pelo governo conservador do presidente Louis Adolphe Thiers. Esse período foi marcado por fome e por miséria entre os trabalhadores franceses que, indignados com tal situação, tomaram a cidade de Paris em março de 1871 e instauraram um governo de caráter popular que ficou conhecido como Comuna de Paris.

A) Considerando-se essas informações, disserte sobre cinco realizações dessa breve experiência de governo operário.

B) Qual foi a reação do Governo Thiers à Comuna e qual foi o resultado dessa reação para os trabalhadores parisienses envolvidos nesse processo?

Questão 52865

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

When Klara Dollan, then 22, woke up at 4 a.m. on the day she was due to start her new job, she thought her agonising stomach cramps signalled her period being “back with a vengeance”. She had been taking the pill with no break for more than six months, but had stopped about two weeks before. The waves of pain left her pale and shaking, but she didn’t feel she could call in sick on her first day – so she took some paracetamol on her mother’s advice, and caught the bus then the tube from the home they shared in Cricklewood in north-west London into the city.

Hours later, Dollan was in Hampstead’s Royal Free hospital, cradling a newborn baby girl: completely healthy and carried to term. Dollan had given birth by herself in the bathroom of her flat, after being sent home sick from work; a neighbour had heard her screams of labour and called an ambulance. When Dollan rang her mother and told her to come to the maternity ward, the reply was: “But you weren’t pregnant this morning!”

“This is not a particularly unusual phenomenon,” says Helen Cheyne, a professor of midwifery at the University of Stirling’s Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit in Glasgow. “It’s rare – but it’s not that rare.” In midwifery and obstetrics and gynaecology circles, she says, if you haven’t come across a cryptic pregnancy yourself, it is not unusual to know someone – or know someone who knows someone – who has.

Although the research is sparse – as one might expect, given the fundamental element of surprise – Cheyne says cryptic pregnancies have been recorded around the world, dating back centuries. In fact, it was more understandable when pregnancy diagnoses were dependent on indicators such as the loss of periods and nausea. With highly accurate modern tests, says Cheyne: “It’s very easy to diagnose pregnancy – if you expect to be pregnant.”

Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com>. Acesso: 02 mar. 2019. Slightly edited.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM INGLÊS. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃO SERÃ O ACEITAS.

Based on the text, answer the following questions.

A) What is unusual about Klara Dollan’s medical history?

B) How old is this phenomenon described in the text?

Questão 52866

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

This Woman Can Smell Parkinson’s. It Might Help Lead To Earlier Treatment

Parkinson’s disease stinks. Figuratively. But according to new research, it literally stinks too — to those who have a heightened sense of smell. Thanks to the help of one of these “super-smellers,” a team of scientists has identified subtle volatile compounds produced by Parkinson’s sufferers. These compounds could be used to make much easier, and earlier, diagnostics for the disease.

There is no cure. Diagnosis is tricky, too: There’s no simple test. Once a patient has started to express some of the physical symptoms, it takes complicated brain imaging to confirm that certain brain cells — the neurons that produce dopamine — have been damaged or destroyed. But a much simpler test might be on the way, according to recent research in ACS Science. Volatile compounds in sebum — the oily substance produced on your face and back — might soon be used to identify the disease.

Lead author on the study, Perdita Barran, says she first learned about the “woman who can smell Parkinson’s” from her colleague Tito Kunath at the University of Edinburgh. They tracked her down. She was Joy Milne, a retired nurse living in Perth, a town near Edinburgh. Decades earlier, Milne had noticed a sudden onset of a strange odor in her now-late husband. He was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease many years later. Milne is what’s known as a “super smeller,” a person with exceptional sense of smell.

In the end, they were able to separate and identify the compounds found in sebum using what’s called gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). They used Milne’s abilities to confirm the right combination of chemicals which, on a background of sebum-smell, make up “the smell of Parkinson’s.”

The team is now working on training dogs to home in on the scents, as well as developing machinated diagnostic tests that could identify the presence of the tell-tale compounds, called biomarkers. Whether a new diagnostic test from the biomarkers comes from canines, super-smelling nurses or laboratory machines, the scientists’ goal is the same: Diagnose Parkinson’s earlier — possibly years earlier than current methods.[...]

Disponível em: <http://blogs.discovermagazine.com>. Acesso: 21 mar. 2019. Slightly edited.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM INGLÊS. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃ O SERÃ O ACEITAS.

Based on the text, answer the following questions.

A) How did Joy Milne contribute to this research on Parkinson’s?

B) What are some of the possible ways Parkinson’s disease may be detected in the future?

Questão 52867

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

Maria’s True Toll
By Anna Groves Hurricane Maria devasted Puerto Rico in September 2017. The following December, the U.S. territory’s local government reported an official death count of 64, while an analysis by the New York Times suggested the storm claimed more than 1,000 lives. To determine how many lives Maria really took, the Puerto Rican government contracted with a team of independent analysts at George Washington University. They used the territory’s death records to find the typical death rate for each month before the hurricane, back to July 2010. They then used that information to predict how many people normally would have died in fall 2017 and compared that with the number of deaths reported after Maria. They also analyzed how the storm affected different demographic groups on the island and found that men who were age 65 and older and living in the least developed areas died at disproportionately higher rates due to Maria. In total, Maria as responsible for 2,975 deaths – more than Hurricane Katrina, which claimed 1,833 lives among the northern Gulf Coast in 2005.

Discover magazine. March 2019. Slightly edited.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃO EM PORTUGUÊS. RESPOSTAS EM INGLÊS NÃ O SERÃO ACEITAS.

Based on the text, answer the following questions.

A) Why did the Puerto Rican government contract a team of independent analysts?

B) Compare the number of deaths between men and women or the number of deaths of men in the least developed areas with those living in more developed cities.

Questão 52868

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

NASA's New Nuclear Reactor Could Change Space Exploration
The Kilopower reactor is tiny, and it could power the spacecraft of the future.

By John Wenz

Want to start a space colony? Even if you don’t, space agencies across the globe do. Whether it’s a moon base now, à la the Trump administration’s plans for NASA, or a Mars landing later, such a colony will need a lot of power. And given the possibility of light-obscuring dust storms on the Red Planet and the moon seeing an uneven amount of sunlight, solar panels may not cut it. But don’t worry — Los Alamos National Lab has a plan. It hinges on nuclear power, which, at its most basic, consists of harnessing energy from radioactive elements. Often, this energy comes from a process called fission, when a neutron rams through an atom’s nucleus, splitting it. A nuclear reactor houses this chaos and uses the resulting heat to generate power.

Now, experts at Los Alamos are pushing to get a high-power, next-generation nuclear reactor into space. Their best shot is called Kilopower: a reactor the size of a paper towel roll, enclosed in protective casing the size of a tall trash can, weighing around 900 pounds. It relies on splitting uranium atoms and generates up to one kilowatt of power — enough to run ten 43-inch LED TVs for an hour or, more practically, a rover like Opportunity, currently roaming Mars, for up to around six and a half hours.

Kilopower’s uranium fuel is much more abundant, but the real beauty of Kilopower is “how we glued it together,” says Poston. He and Patrick McClure, another Los Alamos nuclear engineer, found a way to repurpose existing parts into a new, streamlined technology. The reactor itself — where the atom-splitting actually happens — sits inside a heat pipe. Usually, heat pipes funnel out heat that’s a byproduct of radioactive decay. But Kilopower’s pipes trap that heat and use it to power one of several built-in engines that generates electricity. There are nuclear emissions as well, but it’s still a safe device: people can stand near it a few minutes at a time while it’s powered on, and while it’s turned off, it emits less radiation than what you’d inherently experience on Mars.

Poston and McClure just wrapped up a prototype phase to test the system’s potential. They put the current version through its paces with an array of simulated challenges — it passed with flying colors.
Disponível em: <http://discovermagazine.com/2019/mar/nasas-powerful-plan>. Acesso em 20 fev. 2019.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM PORTUGUÊS. RESPOSTAS EM INGLÊS NÃ O SERÃ O ACEITAS.

Based on the text, answer the following questions.

A) What are some of the positive characteristics of Kilopower?

B) Is the statement “Solar panels may be more efficient than Kilopower to generate energy in Mars”
right or wrong? Justify your answer.

Questão 52869

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

Ocurren cosas mágicas de vez en cuando en el cine. Este año he tenido esa infrecuente sensación con dos chorros de vida titulados Cold War y Roma. Ambas rodadas con sentido en inolvidable blanco y negro. Una en Polonia, la otra en México. Las dos bucean en recuerdos familiares. Pavel Pawlikowski en la vida de sus padres. Alfonso Cuarón en una época de su infancia, acompañado de sus hermanos, sus padres y una sirvienta indígena y probablemente analfabeta que veló por todos ellos, que en medio de la desolación sentimental, el abandono y la mezquindad que se ensañaron con ella tuvo fuerzas y generosidad para seguir arropando en todos los sentidos —la secuencia de los críos a merced del encabronado oleaje del mar provoca el escalofrío— a esa familia burguesa que habita en la ciudad de México.

Disponível em: https://elpais.com/cultura/2018/12/06/actualidad/1544109559_977810.html>.
Acesso em 18 fev. 2019.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM ESPANHOL. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.

A) Escriba, con sus propias palabras, un resumen de Roma.

B) ¿Qué tienen en común Cold War y Roma?

Questão 52870

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

En la plaza de toros de Valdemorillo ya no se pasa frío. Esa es la noticia. Valdemorillo ya no es lo que era. Antes, si acudías a los toros a esta localidad de la sierra madrileña te exponías a una pulmonía y a pasar un par de semanas en cama. Porque, en la Feria de San Blas, considerada la primera de la temporada taurina, aquello de “sol y moscas” nunca se pudo aplicar. Aunque, visto lo visto, quién sabe de aquí a unos años.

El caso es que, ahora, y gracias a su plaza cubierta, provista de calefacción, pese a estar en pleno mes de febrero, algunos incluso se atreven a quitarse el abrigo en los tendidos. Cómo ha cambiado Valdemorillo. Bueno, no en todo. Durante los festejos de su feria se sigue sorteando un jamón. Tampoco ha cambiado Valdemorillo su condición de plaza de reencuentros de la afición madrileña. Cuatro meses después de que la plaza de Las Ventas cerrara sus puertas para el parón invernal, los aficionados, hambrientos de toros, se vuelven a encontrar en Valdemorillo para inaugurar una nueva temporada. Es la tradición.

Disponível em: <https://elpais.com/cultura/2019/02/09/actualidad/1549749253_610621.html>.
Acesso: 18.fev.2019 .

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM PORTUGUÊS. RESPOSTAS EM ESPANHOL NÃ O SERÃO ACEITAS.

A) ¿Por qué la plaza de toros de Valdemorillo ya no es lo que era?

B) ¿Qué no ha cambiado en la plaza de toros de Valdemorillo?

Questão 52871

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

Un perro cenizo con un lucero en la frente irrumpió en los vericuetos del mercado el primer domingo de diciembre, revolcó mesas de fritanga, desbarató tenderetes de indios y toldos de lotería, y de paso mordió a cuatro personas que se le atravesaron en el camino. Tres eran esclavos negros. La otra fue Sierva María de Todos los Ángeles, hija única del marqués de Casalduero, que había ido con una sirvienta mulata a comprar una ristra de cascabeles para la fiesta de sus doce años. Tenían instrucciones de no pasar del Portal de los Mercaderes, pero la criada se aventuró hasta el puente levadizo del arrabal de Getsemaní, atraída por la bulla del puerto negrero, donde estaban rematando un cargamento de esclavos de Guinea. El barco de la Compañía Gaditana de Negros era esperado con alarma desde hacía una semana, por haber sufrido a bordo una mortandad inexplicable. Tratando de esconderla habían echado al agua los cadáveres sin lastre. El mar de leva los sacó a flote y amanecieron en la playa desfigurados por la hinchazón y con una rara coloración solferina. La nave fue anclada en las afueras de la bahía por el temor de que fuera un brote de alguna peste africana, hasta que comprobaron que había sido un envenenamiento con fiambres manidos.
GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ, Gabriel. Del amor y otros demonios, Barcelona: Mondadori, p. 15-16.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM ESPANHOL. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃO SERÃO
ACEITAS.

La novela Del amor y otros demonios, de Gabriel García Márquez, transcurre en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Conteste a las siguientes preguntas con sus propias palabras.

A) ¿Quién es la protagonista? ¿Con quién está?¿Dónde está?¿Por qué? ¿Qué le pasa el primer domingo de diciembre?

B) ¿A qué se destinaba el barco de la Compañía Gaditana? ¿Qué pasó en su interior? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué hicieron sus responsables para intentar esconder lo ocurrido?

Questão 52872

(UFU - 2019 - 2ª FASE)

Hubo una época en que los portugueses se convirtieron en el asombro del mundo. El pequeño país en el rincón de Europa se lanzó a finales del siglo XV a una extraordinaria aventura naval que llevó a sus barcos y expedicionarios a traspasar los límites del mundo conocido en Occidente. En una empresa caracterizada por el arrojo, las penalidades, la codicia, el fanatismo religioso y una exacerbada violencia, sin olvidar la curiosidad, los portugueses ganaron la carrera por llegar a la India y se hicieron los amos del océano Índico para controlar el comercio de especies, conquistando a cañonazos los viejos predios del legendario Simbad.
El historiador británico Roger Crowley (Cambridge, 1951), autor de los éxitos Imperios del mar, Constantinopla 1453 y Venecia, ciudad de fortuna (todos en Ático de los Libros), publica ahora en la misma editorial El mar sin fin, un ensayo apasionante en el que plasma toda la emoción de ese episodio histórico, desconocido para muchos. Es una historia de treinta años, a partir de 1497 (la vuelta al cabo de Buena Esperanza), llena de momentos asombrosos, de maravillas, de anécdotas sensacionales, de barbaridades –en Goa mataron a tanta gente que los famosos cocodrilos locales no daban abasto– y de grandes personajes (Cabral, Vasco de Gama, el terrible Alfonso de Albuquerque, Duarte Pacheco Pereira, De Almeida).
 

Disponível em: <https://elpais.com/cultura/2018/10/01/actualidad/1538393024_389864.html>.
Acesso em 18 fev. 2019.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃ O EM PORTUGUÊ S. RESPOSTAS EM ESPANHOL NÃ O SERÃ O
ACEITAS.

A) Describa a los conquistadores portugueses según el texto.

B) Escriba una breve presentación de la obra El mar sin fin.