FUVEST 2005

Questão 3041

 (UNIFESP-2005)

Considere as afirmações: 

I. Os pronomes sua e seu referem-se ao receptor da mensagem, que pode ser uma pessoa do sexo masculino ou do sexo feminino.

II. Se a conjunção Quando fosse substituída por Se, os verbos teriam outra flexão.

III. Embora possua classificação gramatical diferente da conjunção Quando, Se poderia configurar na propaganda, pois apresentaria a idéia de forma coerente.

IV. Num nível de linguagem bastante informal, a última frase poderia assumir a seguinte forma: “Facinho agradar sua mãe, né?”

Estão corretas somente as afirmações:

Questão 3083

(PUC Minas - 2005)

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

TEXT 1

            While global warming is being ignored by the political arm of the Bush administration, the citizens of Europe and the Pentagon are taking a new look at the greatest danger such climate change could produce for the northern hemisphere - a sudden change into a new ice age.

            What they're finding is not at all comforting: if enough cold, fresh water coming from the melting polar ice caps and glaciers of Greenland and flowing into the northern Atlantic will shut down the Gulf Stream, ¹which keeps Europe and northeastern North America warm. The worst case scenario would be a return of the last ice age in 2 to 3 years and the mid case scenario would be a period like the "little ice age" of a few centuries ago that disrupted worldwide weather patterns leading to extremely cold winters, desertification, crop failures and wars.

            The warmth is the result of ocean currents that bring warm surface water up from the equator into northern regions that would otherwise be so cold that even in summer they'd be covered with ice. The current of greatest concern is called "The Great Conveyor Belt," which includes the Gulf Stream. ³It is driven by the greater force created by differences in water temperatures and salinity, ²as the North Atlantic Ocean is saltier and colder than the Pacific. If it stopped flowing today, the result would be sudden and dramatic. Winter would start in the eastern half of North America and all of Europe and Siberia, and never go away. Within three years, those regions would become uninhabitable and nearly two billion humans  would starve, freeze to death, or have to relocate.

            And when might that happen? Nobody knows - the action of the Great Conveyor Belt in defining ice ages was discovered only in the last decade. Preliminary computer models and scientists suggest the change could happen as early as next year, or it may be generations from now. It may be starting right now, producing the extremes of weather we've seen in the past few years. What's almost certain is that if nothing is done about global warming, it ⁴will happen sooner ⁵rather than later.

(Speak Up edição 206 - julho/2004. Adapted.)

The word "will" (ref. 4) conveys the idea of

Questão 3239

(Mackenzie - 2005) 

SNORING - Half of men over 50 do it, but the real danger comes from apnea

Marcel Ascue used to snore so loudly that his 5- year-old son Nathan made a joke of ZZZing whenever he came near. Tired of being a punch line (and just plain tired), Ascue, 44, finally went to the doctor and found he had sleep apnea. Last month he started sleeping with a mask, hooked to an air pressurizer, that covers his nose and forces a steady stream of air down his throat. The jokes haven't stopped yet - now his wife quips that she's sleeping with Darth Vader - but at least the snoring has.

Ascue's story might amuse people who don't snore or have bed partners who do. But that's not many people. By 50, half of men and a quarter of women snore; 10 to 20 percent of Americans seek treatment for snoring each year. The numbers are expected to jump as baby boomers age, since snoring is a side effect of growing old, gaining weight and losing muscle tone. During the day the brain keeps the throat muscles taut and the airway open. When sleep descends, the muscles relax and vibrate as air rushes by.

Mary Carmichael, NEWSWEEK (adapted)

The same verb tense used in "The jokes haven't stopped yet" is appropriately used in:

Questão 3382

(PUC Minas - 2005)

TEXT 1

            While global warming is being ignored by the political arm of the Bush administration, the citizens of Europe and the Pentagon are taking a new look at the greatest danger such climate change could produce for the northern hemisphere - a sudden change into a new ice age.

            What they're finding is not at all comforting: if enough cold, fresh water coming from the melting polar ice caps and glaciers of Greenland and flowing into the northern Atlantic will shut down the Gulf Stream, ¹which keeps Europe and northeastern North America warm. The worst case scenario would be a return of the last ice age in 2 to 3 years and the mid case scenario would be a period like the "little ice age" of a few centuries ago that disrupted worldwide weather patterns leading to extremely cold winters, desertification, crop failures and wars.

            The warmth is the result of ocean currents that bring warm surface water up from the equator into northern regions that would otherwise be so cold that even in summer they'd be covered with ice. The current of greatest concern is called "The Great Conveyor Belt," which includes the Gulf Stream. ³It is driven by the greater force created by differences in water temperatures and salinity, ²as the North Atlantic Ocean is saltier and colder than the Pacific. If it stopped flowing today, the result would be sudden and dramatic. Winter would start in the eastern half of North America and all of Europe and Siberia, and never go away. Within three years, those regions would become uninhabitable and nearly two billion humans  would starve, freeze to death, or have to relocate.

            And when might that happen? Nobody knows - the action of the Great Conveyor Belt in defining ice ages was discovered only in the last decade. Preliminary computer models and scientists suggest the change could happen as early as next year, or it may be generations from now. It may be starting right now, producing the extremes of weather we've seen in the past few years. What's almost certain is that if nothing is done about global warming, it ⁴will happen sooner ⁵rather than later.

(Speak Up edição 206 - julho/2004. Adapted.)

The word which (ref. 1) refers to

Questão 3383

(UERJ - 2005)

SEDUCING THE ROMANCE READER

            Heart, mind, body and soul, or words to that effect, appear in the climatic scenes of nearly every romance novel, and for good reason. Those words suggest the four levels of fulfillment every reader of romance fiction wants to share with the heroine of the book.

            A reader of romance fiction is demanding. She buys books with certain definite expectations. She knows the difference between love and lust, and will not settle for the latter without the former. She wants the heroine to be rewarded for virtue, patience and determination. The reward, of course, is the undying love of the hero. There must be a linking of two hearts, unity of two minds, fulfillment of two bodies and the cosmic melding of two souls. To satisfy a reader of romance fiction, the writer must make the seduction complete.

            Writers of the best romance novels know how to seduce both the heroine and the reader. After reading a great romance, the reader should be satisfied, fulfilled, and ready to search bookstore shelves for more offerings from the same writer. That is a magical and mutually rewarding form of love between writer and reader.

            How can a writer seduce a reader? The same way she seduces the hero and heroine of her novel. She appeals to heart, mind, body and soul. She first wins the reader's heart with appealing characters with whom the reader can identify and empathize. Good romantic heroes and heroines must never be too perfect. A battle scar, a light limp, hair that is an untamable mass of curls, or any other minor flaw will make the character more relatable, more lovable. Totally virtuous characters are more annoying than endearing. A touch of pride, stubbornness, or mischief will enliven the hero and heroine and make them more acceptable to the reader's discerning heart.

            It would be wise for a writer to consider that if a reader shows the good judgment to buy her book, that same reader deserves a fresh plot, logical conclusions and something to stimulate her imagination. Writers of historical romances must be meticulously accurate. Gothic writers have to make sure their mysteries are plausible. Good writers carefully season their stories with interesting facts to provide texture and a feeling of authenticity to their stories. Readers want to be enlightened.

            A reader knows when an author has really gotten to her. Her body responds. Goose bumps, shivers up her spine, warm feelings deep inside, laughter or even smiles, are physical evidence of the effect of a story on the reader. These reactions are not easily measurable, but they are essential to the seduction of the reader. If the writer finds herself wiping away a few tears when writing, or occasionally finds herself a bit over stimulated and flushed, it is safe to assume the reader's body will respond in a similar manner.

            What could be more fulfilling than a book that caresses the reader with love, wit, sensuality and a feeling of goodness? A romance novel that combines those elements will seduce the reader from the first chapter to the last, leaving her satisfied, but wanting more.

SUSAN DONAHUE

http://harris-donahue.tripod.com

Pronouns may have different functions according to the contexts where they occur.

The use of the pronoun THAT establishing reference to the previous content of the paragraph is found in:

Questão 3444

(UNESP - 2005)

Texto 1

Teen depression

Depression is defined as an illness when the feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair persist and interfere with a child or adolescent's ability to function.

Though the term "depression" can describe a normal human emotion, it also can refer to a mental health illness. Depressive illness in children and teens is defined when the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adolescent's ability to function.

Depression is common in teens and younger children. About 5 percent of children and adolescents in the general population suffer from depression at any given point in time. Children under stress, who experience loss, or who have attentional, learning, conduct or anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Teenager girls are at especially high risk, as are minority youth. Depressed youth often have problems at home. In many cases, the parents are depressed, as depression tends to run in families. Over the past 50 years, depression rises, so does the teen suicide rate.

It is important to remember that the behavior of depressed children and teenagers may differ from the behavior of depressed adults. The characteristics vary, with most children and teens having additional psychiatric disorders, such as behavior disorders or substance abuse problems.

Mental health professionals advise parents to be aware of signs of depression in their children. Some of these signs may be: frequent sadness, tearfulness, crying; hopelessness; decreased interest in activities or inability to enjoy previously favorite activities; persistent boredom; low energy; social isolation; poor communication; poor concentration; extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and increased irritability, anger, or hostility; among others.

(Extraído de: www.focusas.com/Depression.html)

Texto 2

Adolescent Depression: Helping depressed teens

It's not unusual for young people to experience "the blues" or feel "down in the dumps" occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsetting time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life.

Unrealistic academic, social, or family expectations can create a strong sense of rejections and can lead to deep disappointment. When things go wrong at schools or at home, teens often overreact. Many young people feel that life is not fair or that things "never go their way." They feel "stressed out" and confused. To make matters worse, teens are bombarded by conflicting messages from parents, friends and society. Today's teens see more of what life has to offer - both good and bad - on television, at school, in magazines and on the Internet. They are also forced to learn about the threat of AIDS, even if they are not sexually active or using drugs.

Teens need adult guidance more than ever to understand all the emotional and physical changes they are experiencing. When teens' moods disrupt their ability to function on a day-to-day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs attention - adolescent depression. Parents or caregivers must take action.

Depressions can be difficult to diagnose in teens because adults may expect teens to act moody. Also, adolescents do not always understand or express their feelings very well. They may not be aware of the symptoms of depression and may not seek help.

(Extraído de www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/24.cfm)

De acordo com o texto 2, indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo sentido da expressão em destaque na sentença:

Parents and caregivers have to try to help teenagers when they FEEL DEPRESSED.

Questão 3448

(UFRGS - 2005)

It was the summer that men first walked on the moon. I was very young back then, but I did not believe there would ever be future. I wanted to live dangerously, to push myself as far as I could go, and then see what happened to me when I got there. As it turned out, I nearly did not make it. Little by little, I saw my money dwindle to zero; I lost my apartment; I wound up living in the streets. If not for a girl named Kitty Wu, I probably would have starved to death. I had met her by chance only a short time before, but ¹eventually I came to see that chance as a form of readiness a way of saving myself through the minds of others. That was the first part. From then on, strange things happened to me. I took the job with the old man in the wheelchair. I found out who my father was. I walked across the desert from Utah to California. That was a long time ago, of course, but I remeber them as the beginning of my life.

AUSTER, Paul. Moon Palace. Chatham, Kent: Faber & Faber, 1989. p. 1.

The word EVENTUALLY (ref. 1) could be substituted, without any change in meaning, by: 

Questão 3449

(Ufrgs 2005)

Sydney Possuelo, a Brazilian jungle explorer, has recently been to London to receive the Royal Geographical Society gold medal, an annual (1)............. for "the encouragement and promotion of geographical science and discovery", which dates back to 1832.
While one might think that in the 21st century there is not much of the world left to explore, this explorer has proved (2) otherwise. As the head of Brazil"s Department for Isolates Indians, his job is discovering lost tribes. Searching carefully the Brazilian Amazon, he has estabilished the existance of more than 20 previously unknown groups of indigenous Indians and he believes there are more yet to be discovered.
He made his first expedition into the Amazon in 1959. There he got to know the Indians and understood the terrible drama of their bad situation. Although a century ago the estabilished view was that Indians groups should be contacted for their own good, Possuelo saw what contact did. As well as being introduced to diseases, alcohol and firearms, Indians could not (3) cope with the culture shock and their communicaties were destroyed.
Since 1986, when he founded the department for isolated Indians, Possuelo and his team of several men have aimed to find lost tribes (4) so that they can left alone. When a group is located, the area around them is demarcated to stop anyone enetering it. "I need to prove that they exist without making contact".
(6) Possuelo 7is very grateful for (8) the gold medal. Its good for (9) his ego, he says, but most importantly it keeps up 10his international profile. 5This helps to raise money for his work. However, he is resigned to the fact that he is just buying the Indians time, as contact with the outside world is inevitable for them. "Yet I think that it is a useful way to spend your life. Its about human rights."

Adapted from: The Times, 24 June 2004.

A palavra OTHERWISE (ref. 2) poderia ser substituída, sem alteração do sentido contextual, por

Questão 3467

(PUC Camp - 2005)

De volta à Grécia

1. Os gregos não perderam a oportunidade de lembrar ao mundo que, neste ano, os jogos olímpicos estavam "voltando para casa". De fato, a tecnologia de hoje e os deuses mitológicos se encontraram num longo arco do tempo, num espetáculo de abertura em que os elementos essenciais (a água, a terra, o ar, o fogo) e os recursos eletrônicos se deram as mãos. Um Ulisses menino acenava de um barquinho nada épico, que parecia de papel; por meio de telões, um atleta em Olímpia e outro em Atenas comunicavam-se com tambores, num rito ao mesmo tempo primitivo e sofisticado. O deus Eros pairava em suaves acrobacias sobre o estádio, sugerindo que o Amor presidiria todos os eventos.

2. O fuso horário fez muita gente tresnoitar, no Brasil. Às três da madrugada, aqui, os barcos de lá já enfunavam as velas ao sol, quando os ventos muito fortes ou uma calmaria não suspendiam a largada. O telespectador brasileiro chegava estropiado ao fim de cada tarde, depois de realizar sua maratona particular. Cada modalidade esportiva traz duros desafios para corpos e mentes levados aos limites da resistência e da concentração. A lei da gravidade é desafiada nos saltos; a força das pernas e dos braços, nos arremessos e levantamentos; os reflexos e as iniciativas, nas lutas corporais; a explosão e a resistência muscular, nas provas de corrida; a disciplina e a técnica dos movimentos, nas artes ginásticas; o controle de uma bola, com as mãos ou com os pés, em tantos outros jogos.

3. Qual o sentido disso tudo? Em primeiro lugar, a expressão do instinto batalhador do homem, devidamente convertido em jogo; em segundo, o encontro dos povos e das raças, representados não por agentes da destruição, mas por mestres da competição; e por fim a certeza de que, enquanto brincam, os homens esquecem o despotismo e a tirania. Uma olimpíada não deixa de canalizar energias que poderiam se manifestar sob a forma de terrorismo, de genocídio, de lutas étnicas, de embates religiosos, de suicídios assassinos. Uma festa de encerramento, em que todos os atletas brincam livremente e o mundo se comove, não realiza de fato a harmonia universal, mas nos lembra a todos que ela é um forte desejo de muitos, ainda que utopia inatingível. Com todas as suas contradições, o legado da democracia da Grécia antiga ressurge um pouco, e talvez continue inspirador.

4. Como atleta olímpico de poltrona, sinto-me hipnotizado por cada um dos esportes. Torço pela parábola do dardo, do disco, do peso arremessados. Parece que a indumentária sintética vestida pelos nadadores ajudará no novo recorde, assim como a nova fibra de que são feitos os barcos, ou as bicicletas, ou as varas do salto em altura possibilitará novos índices. Que não falhem os trajes de proteção desses esgrimistas, que evocam combates medievais e filmes de capa e espada hollywoodianos. E é bom lembrar que em nenhuma das modalidades o perdedor é punido com a guilhotina revolucionária, a expatriação ou a perda dos direitos políticos: quem não ganhou sabe que participou e foi essencialmente necessário para a celebração do vencedor. Não se pergunta a um atleta da Irlanda se é católico ou protestante (talvez se deva perguntar se não é algum ex-padre com ambições de profeta...) nem a um sul-americano se prefere a ALCA ou o MERCOSUL, ou a um cubano se gostaria de substituir o socialismo por uma cadeia de supermercados: as ideologias e as diferenças culturais quase sempre conseguem atingir, nas olimpíadas, um ponto de sublimação. O fortíssimo esquema de segurança dos jogos de Atenas lembrava sempre, infelizmente, o estado do mundo em que vivemos. Por outro lado, a cor do mar e do céu gregos faz esquecer por algum tempo a imagem dos ares tomados pelo petróleo em chamas, da chuva ácida, da desertificação e dos desastres ecológicos.

5. Não deixam de impressionar as vocações de certas etnias e culturas para determinadas competições: o biotipo de alguns povos africanos é um trunfo em corridas de resistência; moças nórdicas, longilíneas, saltam sobre a vara como gazelas; a concentração e o reflexo dos orientais favorece-os no tênis de mesa e na peteca; russos, poloneses e búlgaros maciços dominam nos halteres. A decantada "malícia" dos brasileiros não poderia faltar: transparece no surpreendente (e desassistido) futebol feminino e no vôlei alegre e criativo.

6. A televisão fica menos chata: em vez das análises de modelos econômicos, da queda da bolsa e do superavit comercial, há mais espaço para singelas informações sobre a oliveira e o azeite. Em vez da globalização, fala-se de Sócrates e Platão; em vez dos saturados cenários metropolitanos, veem-se as ruínas em mármore branco em contraste com o mar turquesa. Mesmo alguns conceitos mais técnicos, como atrito e energia cinética, metabolismo e doping, quando ocorrem na boca de algum especialista, é para explicar fenômenos ligados às competições. Ao descrever o tipo de salto de uma ginasta, um entendido parecia estar dando uma aula de exótica geometria.

7. Findos os jogos, a impressão que se tem é de que também terminou um período de relativo armistício. Será preciso esperar mais quatro anos para que boa parte da humanidade possa de novo acessar, via satélite, imagens de disputas internacionais em que as regras do jogo e o talento humano triunfam sobre a irracionalidade e a violência.

(Danilo Assunção)

O significado do trecho "Não se pergunta a um atleta da Irlanda se é...", no parágrafo 4 do texto corresponde, em inglês, a 

Questão 3468

(UNESP - 2005)

Texto 1:

Teen depression

Depression is defined as an illness when the feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair persist and interfere with a child or adolescent's ability to function.

Though the term "depression" can describe a normal human emotion, it also can refer to a mental health illness. Depressive illness in children and teens is defined when the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adolescent's ability to function.

Depression is common in teens and younger children. About 5 percent of children and adolescents in the general population suffer from depression at any given point in time. Children under stress, who experience loss, or who have attentional, learning, conduct or anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Teenager girls are at especially high risk, as are minority youth. Depressed youth often have problems at home. In many cases, the parents are depressed, as depression tends to run in families. Over the past 50 years, depression rises, so does the teen suicide rate.

It is important to remember that the behavior of depressed children and teenagers may differ from the behavior of depressed adults. The characteristics vary, with most children and teens having additional psychiatric disorders, such as behavior disorders or substance abuse problems.

Mental health professionals advise parents to be aware of signs of depression in their children. Some of these signs may be: frequent sadness, tearfulness, crying; hopelessness; decreased interest in activities or inability to enjoy previously favorite activities; persistent boredom; low energy; social isolation; poor communication; poor concentration; extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and increased irritability, anger, or hostility; among others.

(Extraído de: www.focusas.com/Depression.html)

Texto 2:

Adolescent Depression: Helping depressed teens

It's not unusual for young people to experience "the blues" or feel "down in the dumps" occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsetting time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life.

Unrealistic academic, social, or family expectations can create a strong sense of rejections and can lead to deep disappointment. When things go wrong at schools or at home, teens often overreact. Many young people feel that life is not fair or that things  "never go their way." They feel "stressed out" and confused. To make matters worse, teens are bombarded by conflicting messages from parents, friends and society. Today's teens see more of what life has to offer - both good and bad - on television, at school, in magazines and on the Internet. They are also forced to learn about the threat of AIDS, even if they are not sexually active or using drugs.

Teens need adult guidance more than ever to understand all the emotional and physical changes they are experiencing. When teens' moods disrupt their ability to function on a day-to-day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs attention - adolescent depression. Parents or caregivers must take action.

Depressions can be difficult to diagnose in teens because adults may expect teens to act moody. Also, adolescents do not always understand or express their feelings very well. They may not be aware of the symptoms of depression and may not seek help.

(Extraído de www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/24.cfm) 

De acordo com o texto 1, indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo significado de:

Depression is defined by doctors as an illness that affects the ability to function.