FUVEST 2007

Questão 2916

 (Ufmg 2007)

 Assinale a alternativa em que a passagem transcrita NÃO exemplifica a submissão da sociedade neoliberal ao mercado. 

Questão 2917

(Uff 2007)

A temática sobre a diversidade da Baía de Guanabara tem motivado a criação de textos em linguagem verbal e linguagem não-verbal, produzindo sentidos crítico, humorístico, poético, informativo etc.

Assinale, na sequência de textos verbais e não-verbais, APENAS aquele que é PREDOMINANTEMENTE INFORMATIVO.

Questão 2936

 (Ufpr-2007)  

Após o jogo do Brasil contra Gana pelas oitavas-de-final da Copa do Mundo, o jornal "Folha de S. Paulo" do dia 28 de junho de 2006 publicou a seguinte manchete na primeira página: 

Suponha que o jornal tivesse optado por uma manchete ligeiramente diferente: "O Brasil vence de 3 a 0, ... ... bate recordes, ... ... mas Parreira não gosta."

Sobre as diferenças entre essas duas manchetes, é correto afirmar:

1. A oposição entre "vencer", "bater recordes" e "não gostar", destacada na manchete original, não é explicitada no texto modificado.

2. A manchete original apresenta a imagem de Parreira como um técnico mais exigente que a manchete modificada.

3. A manchete original deixa implícito que a atuação da seleção desagradou não apenas Parreira, mas muitas outras pessoas.

Assinale a alternativa correta. 

Questão 3124

(Fatec 2007)  Com base no texto, é possível afirmar que pesquisadores da Universidade de Paris relataram recentemente que tinham encontrado uma forma de

OPTICAL FIBERS

Optical fibers carry a dizzying amount of data each second, but a great deal of communication still gets beamed, via slower microwaves, from one dish antenna to another. Engineers didn't think there was any improvement to tease out of this technology, but researchers at the University of Paris recently reported in the journal Science that they'd found a way of focusing microwaves into a narrow beam, tripling the data rate.

(Newsweek, March, 12, 2007)

Questão 3132

(PUC-Rio - 2007) 

COMBINING ALCOHOL AND "ENERGY DRINK" REDUCES THE "PERCEPTION" OF IMPAIRMENT

The combined use of alcohol and "energy drinks" has become increasingly popular among youth and young adults in recent years. Users often report reduced sleepiness and increased sensations of pleasure. In the April issue of "Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research", Brazilian researchers conduct the first controlled scientific study on the effects of combining alcohol with those drinks. Results show a considerable disconnect between subjects' perceptions and objective measures of their abilities: ¹³although combined use reduces the sensation of tiredness and sleepiness, actual capabilities are significantly ¹impaired.

"In Brazil, as in other countries, young people believe that energy drinks avoid the sleepiness caused by alcoholic beverages and increase their capacity to dance all night," explained Maria Lucia O. Souza-Formigoni, associate professor in the department of psychobiology at the Federal University of São Paulo in Brazil and corresponding author for the study. "In fact, many night clubs offer this mix among their cocktails."

In a previous study on the use of energy drinks among Brazilians, Souza-Formigoni said that users reported greater happiness (38%), euphoria (30%), uninhibited behavior (27%), and increased physical vigor (24%). It is unclear; however, if this indicates the ability of energy drinks to reduce the depressant effects, increase the excitatory effects of alcohol, or both.

⁶"This study appears to show us that the use of energy drinks might predispose people to abuse alcohol when its depressant effects - or at least the perception of such effects - are masked by them," said Roseli Boerngen de Lacerda, associate professor in the department of pharmacology at the Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil.

Compared to the ingestion of alcohol alone, the combined ²ingestion of alcohol and energy drinks ³significantly reduced the subjects' perception of headache, weakness, dry mouth and impairment of motor coordination. The researched energy drinks did not, however, significantly reduce deficits caused by alcohol on objective measures of motor coordination and visual reaction time.

"There are two key points," said Souza-Formigoni. "Although combined ingestion decreases the sensation of tiredness and sleepiness, objective measures of motor coordination showed that it 'cannot' reduce the ⁴harmful effects of alcohol on motor coordination. In other words, the person is drunk but does not feel as drunk as he really is. The second important point is that many users reported using energy drinks to reduce a not-so-pleasant taste of alcoholic beverages, which could dangerously increase the amount (as well as the speed of ingestion) of alcoholic beverages."

"The ⁸implications of these ⁹findings," added Boerngen, "are that this association of alcohol and energy drinks is harmful rather than beneficial, as believed by consumers. Especially because those ¹⁰individuals who combine alcohol and energy ¹¹drinks, believing ⁷they are less impaired than reality would indicate, are ⁵actually at an ¹⁴increased risk for 12problems such as automobile accidents."

¹⁵"Alcohol affects not only the motor coordination but also the capacity of decision, ¹⁶because it affects one important area of the brain - the prefrontal cortex," explained Souza-Formigoni. "Drunk drivers are dangerous not only because their reactions are delayed and motor coordination affected, but mainly because their capacity to evaluate the risks to which they will be exposed is also affected. People need to understand that the 'sensation' of well-being does not necessarily mean that they are unaffected by alcohol. ¹⁷Despite how good they may feel, they shouldn't drink and drive. Never."

adapted from "http://alcoholism.about.com/od/dui/a/blacer060416.htm. Public release date: 26-Mar-2006

The pronoun "they" (ref. 7) refers to:

Questão 3238

(Mackenzie - 2007)

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(Reader's Digest)

The verb forms that correctly fill in blanks I, II and III in the text are:

Questão 3293

(FATEC - 2007) 

MAPPING CRIME

Police around the world are using technology to anticipate where the bad guys will strike next.

A decade ago, Bogotá had a bad name. Violent crime was out of control. Rather than buying more guns or patrol cars, Bogotá's cops went for something bigger: science. The city began superimposing millions of police bulletins onto digitized city maps to pinpoint which bandits were at work and where, down to the doorstep. By displaying crime data on easy-to-read city maps, police were able to target urban hot spots and optimize street patrols. Murders have since fallen by a third in the past five years and the police's approval rating has soared. "Crime mapping has made us faster and more efficient," says Gen. Luiz Alberto Gómez, head of Bogotá Metropolitan Police. "We are serving the neighborhoods better."

So are police in several countries, as the virtues of high-tech crimefighting become clear. Spiking crime rates everywhere from Colombia to Brazil, India to South Africa, have encouraged more and more cops to draw on technology to anticipate where criminals are going to strike next, so their thinly stretched forces can be at the right place at the right time. "Without computerized crime analysis," says Alexandre Peres, a government security strategist in Pernambuco, northeast Brazil, "policing is guesswork."

The trend goes back to the early 1990s, when New York City police started using CompStat, a computer-driven mapping tool. In the next decade or so, violent crimes tumbled by 70 percent; the city now ranks 222nd in the country in crime. Major cities across the United States and Europe followed New York's lead, and now the rest of the world is catching on.

(Newsweek, April 24, 2006)

O advérbio "rather than" em "Rather than simply buying more guns and patrol cars, ...", no 1º. parágrafo, poderia ser substituído, sem prejuízo de significado, por

Questão 3298

(PUC-Rio - 2007)

IN CRISES, PEOPLE TEND TO LIVE, OR DIE, TOGETHER

Shankar Vedantam

How the disaster starts does not matter: ¹It could be a plane crashing into the World Trade Center, ⁵it could be the sea receding rapidly ahead of an advancing tsunami, it could be smoke billowing through a nightclub. Human beings in New York, Sri Lanka and Rhode Island all do the same thing in such situations. They turn to each other. They talk. ¹⁵They hang around, trying to arrive at a ¹⁰shared understanding of what is happening.

¹⁶When we look back on such events with the benefit of hindsight, this apparent inactivity can be horrifying. "Get out now!" we want to scream at those people in the upper stories of the South Tower of the World Trade Center, as ⁶they ¹¹huddle around trying to understand what caused an explosion in the North Tower at 8:46 on a Tuesday morning in September. ¹⁷"You only have 16 minutes before your exit will be cut off," we want to tell them. "Don't try to understand what is happening. Just go."

²Experts who study disasters are slowly coming to realize that rather than try to change human behavior to adapt to building codes and workplace rules, it may be necessary to adapt technology and rules to human behavior.

For all the disaster preparations put in place since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, the behavior of people confronted with ambiguous new information remains one of the most serious challenges for disaster planners.

¹⁸Computer models ¹²assume that people will flow out of a building like water, emptying through every possible exit. But the reality is far different. People talk. They confer. They go back to their desk. They change their mind. They try to exit the building the way they came in, rather than through the nearest door.

Building engineers at the World Trade Center had estimated that escaping people would move at a rate of more than three feet per second. On Sept. 11, 2001, said Jason Averill, an engineer at the National Institute for Standards and Technology who studies human behavior during evacuations, people escaped at only one-fitfh that speed. Although the towers were only one-third to one-half full, the stairwells were at capacity, he said. ³Had the buildings been full, Averill said, about 14,000 people would probably have died.

That is because the larger the group, the greater the effort and time needed to build a common understanding of the event and a consensus about a course of action, said sociologist Benigno E. Aguirre of the University of Delaware. If a single person in a group does not want to take an alarm seriously, he or she can ¹³impede the escape of the entire group.

The picture of what happened on Sept. 11 is very different from ¹⁴conventional assumptions about crowd behavior, in ⁷which it is assumed that people would push each other out of the way to save their own lives. In actuality, ⁴human beings in crisis behave more nobly - and ⁸this could also be their undoing. ¹⁹People reach out not only to build a shared understanding of the event but also to help one another. In so doing, they may delay their own escape. This may be why groups often perish or survive together - people are unwilling to escape if someone they know and care about is left behind.

This may be why in fire disasters, Aguirre said, entire families often perish. "The most important factor for human beings is our affinitive behavior," he said. "You love your child and wife and parents; ⁹that is what makes you human. In conditions of great danger, many people continue to do that. … People will go back into the fire to try to rescue loved ones."

Adapted from the Washington Post Monday, September 11, 2006; Page A02

"Had the buildings been full,... about 14,000 people would probably have died." (ref. 3) means the same as: 

Questão 3334

(UFRGS - 2007) 

ROBOT WORKER HITS THE TOWN

Office workers, meet the colleague of the future. Asimo, the world's most "human" robot, will start work in May as an office receptionist in Japan.

²Visitors to ⁴Honda's Wako building will be greeted by Asimo, which can show ¹them to meeting rooms and .......... them tea and coffee on a tray. With optical and ultrasonic sensors, ³its makers say, it can recognise people and its surrounding environment, and there are already plans to lease the model out to other users.

Six years in development, Asimo is "able to walk in a smooth fashion which ⁷closely ........... that of a human being", says Honda. It has deliberately been designed to be similar in size to a 10-year-old child, so that it is less likely to intimidate people. ⁸It is also the fastest robot yet. Its ability to run tirelessly would put many people to shame.

Asimo is an acronym for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility. The robot is ⁹smaller and ¹⁰lighter than earlier prototypes, but tall enough, its makers say, to reach door knobs, operate switches and perform tasks at tables and benches. Honda, which is now .......... its efforts on artificial intelligence, says it is aiming to develop a future version of Asimo that will be able to think for itself. Whether humans will want to work alongside a ⁶robot ⁵that might show them up is another matter.

(Adapted from: OWEN, Jonathan, The Independent on Sunday, 30 Apr. 2006.)

Select the correct alternative to complete the sentence below.

The opposite of SMALLER (ref. 9) and LIGHTER (ref. 10) is respectively .......... and .......... . 

Questão 3335

(UFRGS - 2007) 

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Adapted from: Popular Science, Aug. 2004.

Considere a frase "This program teaches FASTER THAN any other language program". A alternativa que apresenta o significado antônimo da expressão destacada é: