FUVEST 2012

Questão 3141

(UNIFESP - 2012)

Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much

By Nicholas Bakalar

August 8, 2011

The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups.

Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women.

____1_____ that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No, according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “For most of us who ___2____ genes for longevity,” he said, “if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are ____3_____ to live past 80.”

The study was published online last week in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 2 do texto:

Questão 3142

(UNIFESP - 2012)

Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much

By Nicholas Bakalar

August 8, 2011

The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups.

Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women.

____1_____ that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No, according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “For most of us who ___2____ genes for longevity,” he said, “if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are ____3_____ to live past 80.”

The study was published online last week in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

                                                                                                                                  (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 1 do texto:

Questão 3143

(UNESP - 2012/2 - 1a fase)

Leia a letra da música, interpretada por Amy Winehouse.

Tears dry on their own

All I can ever be to you,
Is a darkness that we knew
And this regret I got accustomed to
Once it was so right
When we were at our high,
Waiting for you in the hotel at night
I knew I hadn’t met my match
But every moment we could snatch
I don’t know why I got so attached
It’s my responsibility,
And you don’t owe nothing to me
But to walk away I have no capacity 

He walks away
The sun goes down,
He takes the day but I’m grown
And in your way
In this blue shade
My tears dry on their own. 

I don’t understand
Why do I stress a man,
When there’s so many bigger things at hand
We could have never had it all
We had to hit a wall
So this is inevitable withdrawal
Even if I stopped wanting you,
A perspective pushes through
I’ll be some next man’s other woman soon
[…]
I wish I could say no regrets
And no emotional debts
’Cause as we kissed goodbye the sun sets
So we are history
The shadow covers me
The sky above a blaze
That only lovers see

 (http://letras.terra.com.br. Adaptado.)

Em qual alternativa todas as palavras, conforme utilizadas na letra da música, são formas verbais?

Questão 3145

(UFG 2012)

TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:

Read the dialogue from the film “Ratatouille”.

Linguini: Listen, I just want you to know how honored I am to be studying under such a...

Colette: No, you listen! I just want you to know exactly who you are dealing with! How many women do you see in this kitchen?

Linguini: Well, I uh...

Colette: Only me. Why do you think that is? Because high cuisine is an antiquated hierarchy built upon rules written by stupid, old men. Rules designed to make it impossible for women to enter this world, but still im here. How did this happen?

Linguini: Well because you, because you...

Colette: Because I am the toughest cook in this kitchen! I have worked too hard for too long to get here, and I am not going to jeopardize it for some garbage boy who got lucky! Got it?

Linguini: Wow!

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 set. 2011.

Glossary:

jeopardize: colocar em risco

5.  What dialogue line is an example of an ungrammatical structure in English, which is typical of colloquial language?

Questão 3156

(UPE - 2012)  

Shopaholics are people who buy things compulsively without really needing them. They cannot go into a shop just to look around. They have to buy ___________I _________.

Shopaholics often buy clothes without trying them on and often make themselves unhappy by buying more than they can use or pay for. The shopaholic who runs out of money will sometimes resort to shoplifting (stealing small items from shops). Compulsive shopping is a type of

_____________II______________ similar to the ones to alcohol or cigarettes.

(COSTA, Marcelo Baccarin. Globetrekker. São Paulo: Macmillan, 2008.)

As lacunas I e II no texto podem ser completadas, de forma correta e na mesma sequência, pela opção

Questão 3157

(UNISC - 2012)  

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in ‘‘rote rehearsal’’. By repeating something over and over again, 2one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. 3Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice ‘‘1elaborate rehearsal’’. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

Fonte: http://www.englishclub.com/esl-exams/ets-toefl-practice-reading.htm (Adaptado)

The word one in paragraph 3 (ref. 2) refers to

Questão 3164

(UFRGS - 2012)

Facebook is the world’s largest social network, with 800 million users worldwide as of September 2011.

More than any other company, it has defined what (1)…….. see as the “social” era of the Internet, in which connections made among (9) people (4) replace (7) algorithm-driven searches. And (8) its (5) policies, more than any others, seem to be driving the definition of (14) privacy in this new age.

Every day, Facebook users comment or press the “like” button more than 2 billion times and upload more than 250 million photos. The McKinsey Global Institute has estimated that the network’s users post 30 billion pieces of content (2)…….. month.

The company, founded in 2004 by a Harvard (15) sophomore, Mark Zuckerberg, began life (16) catering first to Harvard students and then to all high school and college students. It has since evolved into a broadly popular online destination used by teenagers and adults of all ages. (19) In country after country, Facebook has cemented itself as the leader, often displacing other social networks.

It is (3)…….. surprise that (11) Facebook has become one of the titans of the Internet, challenging even Google with (10) its vision of a Web tied together by personal relationships and recommendations, rather than by search algorithms. In a major expansion, Facebook has spread itself across other Web sites by offering members the chance to “Like” something - share it with their network – without leaving the Web page they are on.

At the Facebook (20) developer 6conference in September, (21) the company announced the release of a (13) product called Timeline, (12) which offers a (22) highly visual view of a user’s Facebook profile and organizes content into photos, events and apps, all based on a (17) timeline view that stretches back to the beginning of a user’s time on Facebook. Timeline is designed to work on (18) mobile devices, too.

Adaptado de: WYLD, Adrian. Facebook. Disponível em: <http://topics.nytimes.com>. Acesso em 01 dez. 2011.

Assinale a alternativa que preenche correta e respectivamente as lacunas das referências 1, 2 e 3.

Questão 3231

(Mackenzie - 2012)

“You have to motivate yourself with challenges. That’s how you know you’re still alive. Once you start doing only what you _____(I)_____ you can do, you _____(II)_____ on the road to death.”

Jerry Seinfeld

The verb forms that correctly complete the blanks I and II in the quotation are: 

Questão 3232

(Mackenzie - 2012)

The annual Bridge School Benefit has featured special acoustic sets by everybody from David Bowie and Paul McCartney to Metallica and Phish. But for the 24th edition, on October 23rd and 24th, organizer Neil Young unveiled a stunning finale: the first set since 1968 by his old band Buffalo Springfield. “From my perspective, we just picked up where we left off many, many years ago,” says singer Richie Furay. “It was almost like going back in time.”
Over two chilly, wet days at the Shoreline Amphitheater near San Francisco, baby boomers and local dot-com kids gathered for a remarkable, eclectic lineup: Jackson Browne and David Lindley tackled Bruce Springsteen’s 1983 “Brothers Under the Bridge”; Kris Kristofferson broke out “Me and Bobby McGee”; Billy Idol revved up the crowd with a sing-along on “Rebel Yell”; and Pearl Jam blasted through their eighth appearance at the benefit. At the end of their set, which included “Black” and “Better Man”, Young joined them on his new tune “Walk With Me.” “We played it for him backstage, and he said, ‘That’s basically it, but let me show you what you aren’t playing,’ ”says Pearl Jam guitarist Stone Gossard. “We _____(I)_____ an interaction with him that _____(II)_____ a lesson in the sheer, raw love of rock.”

Rolling Stone

The right forms of the verbs have and be which appropriately complete blanks I and II in the text are:

Questão 3254

(UDESC - 2012)

2012’s Second Sun

Earth is believed to be getting a second sun burning in the sky near the end of 2012, as the second biggest star in the universe, Betelgeuse, is dying, which will lead to “multiple days of constant daylight.”

Many ancient cultures ⁴have speculated about the appearance of a second sun and this event appears to ¹tie in very closely with the December 21 2012 predictions.

Betelgeuse is the second ²biggest star in the universe and the eighth ³brightest in the night sky, Scientists ⁵have determined that the star is losing mass at a rapid rate, which indicates it will go supernova very soon.

The light emitted from this exploding star will be so bright that it will appear for a few weeks at the end of 2012 as a second sun in the sky. There may be little if no period of darkness or night according to senior lecturer of physics at the University of Southern Queensland, Brad Carter.

Earth will experience “brightness for a brief period of time for a couple of weeks and then over the coming months it begins to fade and then eventually it will be very hard to see at all,” explained the Australian scientist Brad Carter to news.com.au.

Scientist ⁶have known about this dying star which is 640 light years away from Earth, since 2005. It is believed that as Betelgeuse goes supernova it will not be harmful to Earth. “There will be neutrinos emitted during the supernova process, said University of Minnesota physics professor Priscilla Cushman, but neutrinos, even lots and lots of them, are only weakly interacting, so they won't affect life on earth,” but that is only speculation at this point.

The fact is, we as human beings have never experienced anything like this before so close to our home planet, and to be honest, we just don’t know for sure what this event could bring.

(www.december212012.com) on 30/08/11.

The verb tenses “have speculated” (ref. 4), “have determined” (ref. 5) and “have known” (ref. 6) are: