(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text III and answer question 04 and 05 accordingly.
TEXT II
| It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it | |
| was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it | |
| was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it | |
| was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it | |
| 5 | was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we |
| had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we | |
| were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going the | |
| other way – in short, the period was so far like the present | |
| period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its | |
| 10 | being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative |
| degree of comparison only. |
(DICKENS, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. Penguin Books, 1994.)
TEXT III
| Franval who lived in Paris, where he was born, | |
| possessed, along with an income of 400,000 livres, the | |
| finest figure, the most pleasant face and the most varied | |
| talents; but beneath this attractive exterior lay hidden | |
| 5 | every vice, and unfortunately those of which the adoption |
| and habitual indulgence lead so rapidly to crime. An | |
| imagination more unbridled than anything one can depict | |
| was Franval’s prime defect; men of this kind do not mend | |
| their ways, the decline of power makes them worse; the | |
| 10 | less they do, the more they undertake; the less they |
| achieve, the more they invent; each age brings new ideas, | |
| and satiety, far from cooling their ardour, only prepares | |
| the way for more fatal refinements. |
(SADE, Marquis de. The Gothic Tales of the Marquis de Sade. 2000.)
A similarity between Text II and Text III can be found in the following aspect(s):
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text IV and answer questions 06, 07 and 08 accordingly.
TEXT IV
| I know I shall meet my fate | |
| Somewhere among the clouds above; | |
| Those that I fight I do not hate, | |
| Those that I guard I do not love; | |
| 5 | My country is Kiltartan Cross, |
| My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor, | |
| No likely end could bring them loss | |
| Or leave them happier than before. | |
| Nor law, nor duty bade1 me fight, | |
| 10 | Nor public men, nor cheering crowds, |
| A lonely impulse of delight | |
| Drove to this tumult in the clouds; | |
| I balanced all, brought all to mind, | |
| The years to come seemed waste of breath, | |
| 15 | A waste of breath the years behind |
| In balance with this life, this death. |
(YEATS, W.B. An Irish Airman Foresees His Death in Rhyme and Reason, An Anthology. Org. O’MALLEY, Raymond. HartDavis Educational.)
Vocabulary:
1. Bid (bade, bidden): to tell somebody to do something.
In Text IV, the following phrase refers to dying:
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text IV and answer questions 06, 07 and 08 accordingly.
TEXT IV
| I know I shall meet my fate | |
| Somewhere among the clouds above; | |
| Those that I fight I do not hate, | |
| Those that I guard I do not love; | |
| 5 | My country is Kiltartan Cross, |
| My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor, | |
| No likely end could bring them loss | |
| Or leave them happier than before. | |
| Nor law, nor duty bade1 me fight, | |
| 10 | Nor public men, nor cheering crowds, |
| A lonely impulse of delight | |
| Drove to this tumult in the clouds; | |
| I balanced all, brought all to mind, | |
| The years to come seemed waste of breath, | |
| 15 | A waste of breath the years behind |
| In balance with this life, this death. |
(YEATS, W.B. An Irish Airman Foresees His Death in Rhyme and Reason, An Anthology. Org. O’MALLEY, Raymond. HartDavis Educational.)
Vocabulary:
1. Bid (bade, bidden): to tell somebody to do something.
According to lines 7 and 8 people will
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text IV and answer questions 06, 07 and 08 accordingly.
TEXT IV
| I know I shall meet my fate | |
| Somewhere among the clouds above; | |
| Those that I fight I do not hate, | |
| Those that I guard I do not love; | |
| 5 | My country is Kiltartan Cross, |
| My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor, | |
| No likely end could bring them loss | |
| Or leave them happier than before. | |
| Nor law, nor duty bade1 me fight, | |
| 10 | Nor public men, nor cheering crowds, |
| A lonely impulse of delight | |
| Drove to this tumult in the clouds; | |
| I balanced all, brought all to mind, | |
| The years to come seemed waste of breath, | |
| 15 | A waste of breath the years behind |
| In balance with this life, this death. |
(YEATS, W.B. An Irish Airman Foresees His Death in Rhyme and Reason, An Anthology. Org. O’MALLEY, Raymond. HartDavis Educational.)
Vocabulary:
1. Bid (bade, bidden): to tell somebody to do something.
Lines 9-12 imply that the speaker is
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text V and answer questions 09, 10 and 11 accordingly.
TEXT V
| Oh, I’ve just come from the land of the sun | |
| From a war that must be won | |
| In the name of truth | |
| With our soldiers so brave | |
| 5 | Your freedom we will save |
| With our rifles and grenades | |
| And some help from God | |
| I want to see my family | |
| My wife and child waiting for me | |
| 10 | I’ve got to go home |
| I’ve been so alone you see | |
| You just can’t believe | |
| The joy I did receive | |
| When I finally got my leave | |
| 15 | And I was going home |
| Oh, I flew through the sky | |
| My convictions could not lie | |
| For my country I would die | |
| And I will see it soon | |
| 20 | When I walked through the door |
| My wife she laid upon the floor | |
| And with tears her eyes were sore | |
| I did not know why | |
| Then I looked into her hand | |
| 25 | And I saw the telegram |
| Said that I was a brave, brave man | |
| But that I was dead |
(SUMMER, Bernard; GILBERT, Gillian; HOOK, Peter; MORRIS, Stephen. Lyrics to Love Vigilantes, performed by New Order, Low Life CD, track 1, Universal Music Publishing Group, 1986. Taken from https://lyricfind.com)
Read the statements below considering the aspects of grammar and meaning of Text V.
I. The war referred by the speaker is over.
II. The speaker had been conscripted to engage in combat.
III. Some parts of speech were left out of the phrase in line 4.
IV. The use of the auxiliary verb in line 13 is substandard.
V. The noun in line 17 is a false cognate.
The only correct statements are
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text V and answer questions 09, 10 and 11 accordingly.
TEXT V
| Oh, I’ve just come from the land of the sun | |
| From a war that must be won | |
| In the name of truth | |
| With our soldiers so brave | |
| 5 | Your freedom we will save |
| With our rifles and grenades | |
| And some help from God | |
| I want to see my family | |
| My wife and child waiting for me | |
| 10 | I’ve got to go home |
| I’ve been so alone you see | |
| You just can’t believe | |
| The joy I did receive | |
| When I finally got my leave | |
| 15 | And I was going home |
| Oh, I flew through the sky | |
| My convictions could not lie | |
| For my country I would die | |
| And I will see it soon | |
| 20 | When I walked through the door |
| My wife she laid upon the floor | |
| And with tears her eyes were sore | |
| I did not know why | |
| Then I looked into her hand | |
| 25 | And I saw the telegram |
| Said that I was a brave, brave man | |
| But that I was dead |
(SUMMER, Bernard; GILBERT, Gillian; HOOK, Peter; MORRIS, Stephen. Lyrics to Love Vigilantes, performed by New Order, Low Life CD, track 1, Universal Music Publishing Group, 1986. Taken from https://lyricfind.com)
The following sentence shows an instance of colloquial language:
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text V and answer questions 09, 10 and 11 accordingly.
TEXT IV
| I know I shall meet my fate | |
| Somewhere among the clouds above; | |
| Those that I fight I do not hate, | |
| Those that I guard I do not love; | |
| 5 | My country is Kiltartan Cross, |
| My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor, | |
| No likely end could bring them loss | |
| Or leave them happier than before. | |
| Nor law, nor duty bade1 me fight, | |
| 10 | Nor public men, nor cheering crowds, |
| A lonely impulse of delight | |
| Drove to this tumult in the clouds; | |
| I balanced all, brought all to mind, | |
| The years to come seemed waste of breath, | |
| 15 | A waste of breath the years behind |
| In balance with this life, this death. |
(YEATS, W.B. An Irish Airman Foresees His Death in Rhyme and Reason, An Anthology. Org. O’MALLEY, Raymond. HartDavis Educational.)
Vocabulary:
1. Bid (bade, bidden): to tell somebody to do something.
TEXT V
| Oh, I’ve just come from the land of the sun | |
| From a war that must be won | |
| In the name of truth | |
| With our soldiers so brave | |
| 5 | Your freedom we will save |
| With our rifles and grenades | |
| And some help from God | |
| I want to see my family | |
| My wife and child waiting for me | |
| 10 | I’ve got to go home |
| I’ve been so alone you see | |
| You just can’t believe | |
| The joy I did receive | |
| When I finally got my leave | |
| 15 | And I was going home |
| Oh, I flew through the sky | |
| My convictions could not lie | |
| For my country I would die | |
| And I will see it soon | |
| 20 | When I walked through the door |
| My wife she laid upon the floor | |
| And with tears her eyes were sore | |
| I did not know why | |
| Then I looked into her hand | |
| 25 | And I saw the telegram |
| Said that I was a brave, brave man | |
| But that I was dead |
(SUMMER, Bernard; GILBERT, Gillian; HOOK, Peter; MORRIS, Stephen. Lyrics to Love Vigilantes, performed by New Order, Low Life CD, track 1, Universal Music Publishing Group, 1986. Taken from https://lyricfind.com)
Whose characteristic is described below? Write 4 for the speaker in Text IV, and 5 for the speaker in Text V.
( ) He is driven by a patriotic fervor.
( ) He is fighting because he cares who wins.
( ) He is believed to have been killed in action.
( ) Nothing else in his life seems worth pursuing.
( ) He considers aspects of his past, present and future.
Now, mark the correct option.
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(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text VI and answer questions 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 accordingly.
TEXT VI
| Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, caused | |
| something of a stir at the annual Air Force Association’s | |
| Air Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida. During an | |
| informal ‘fireside chat’ with Lt. Gen. John Thompson of | |
| 5 | Space Command on Friday, Musk told a room packed |
| with fighter pilots that “the fighter jet era has passed”. | |
| Now, Musk is renowned for finding soundbites for the | |
| media to hook onto, and also of causing calculated | |
| disruption in his target audience, but even by his | |
| 10 | standards this is a well-baited line. What makes this such |
| a bold and controversial statement? | |
| The contemporary battlefield is far more networked, | |
| complex, congested and lethal – it’s those that adapt that | |
| will survive. Simply being ‘a good stick’ will rapidly no | |
| 15 | longer cut it in the hostile skies of the future. |
| Musk’s main thrust is, however, that the human in | |
| the cockpit is the limiting factor in air combat now, not the | |
| advantage. | |
| Firstly, humans are awkward for aircraft designers to | |
| 20 | accommodate. In a modern fighter the pilot sits on an |
| ejection seat for emergency escape, needs an oxygen | |
| supply and air-conditioning to function at extremes of | |
| temperature and altitude, and requires flight controls and | |
| instruments to fly and fight the machine. All of these add | |
| 25 | a significant amount of weight and cost into the aircraft. |
| Moreover, having a transparent canopy to permit the crew | |
| to see out does little to improve signature management1 | |
| as radar cross section and the chances of reflected sun | |
| glint all increase. The human also adds more weight, | |
| 30 | especially when encumbered with flight kit such as |
| helmet, NVGs, g-suit and flight planning and survival | |
| equipment. Traditionally, pilots sit toward the front of the | |
| aircraft to afford them the best view for take-off and | |
| landing, as well as air combat. This has implications on | |
| 35 | aerodynamics, stealth1 design and weight distribution |
| factors. In short, it can make the designers life a lot | |
| simpler if the pilot/crew are not in the aircraft. |
(Extracted from https://www.forbes.com/. Accessed on March 03, 2022.)
Vocabulary:
1. Signature management and stealth: both terms refer to technology that reduces the likelihood of personnel, aircrafts, missiles, etc. being detected.
According to the text, it’s eminent that Elon Musk
Ver questão
(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text VI and answer questions 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 accordingly.
TEXT VI
| Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, caused | |
| something of a stir at the annual Air Force Association’s | |
| Air Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida. During an | |
| informal ‘fireside chat’ with Lt. Gen. John Thompson of | |
| 5 | Space Command on Friday, Musk told a room packed |
| with fighter pilots that “the fighter jet era has passed”. | |
| Now, Musk is renowned for finding soundbites for the | |
| media to hook onto, and also of causing calculated | |
| disruption in his target audience, but even by his | |
| 10 | standards this is a well-baited line. What makes this such |
| a bold and controversial statement? | |
| The contemporary battlefield is far more networked, | |
| complex, congested and lethal – it’s those that adapt that | |
| will survive. Simply being ‘a good stick’ will rapidly no | |
| 15 | longer cut it in the hostile skies of the future. |
| Musk’s main thrust is, however, that the human in | |
| the cockpit is the limiting factor in air combat now, not the | |
| advantage. | |
| Firstly, humans are awkward for aircraft designers to | |
| 20 | accommodate. In a modern fighter the pilot sits on an |
| ejection seat for emergency escape, needs an oxygen | |
| supply and air-conditioning to function at extremes of | |
| temperature and altitude, and requires flight controls and | |
| instruments to fly and fight the machine. All of these add | |
| 25 | a significant amount of weight and cost into the aircraft. |
| Moreover, having a transparent canopy to permit the crew | |
| to see out does little to improve signature management1 | |
| as radar cross section and the chances of reflected sun | |
| glint all increase. The human also adds more weight, | |
| 30 | especially when encumbered with flight kit such as |
| helmet, NVGs, g-suit and flight planning and survival | |
| equipment. Traditionally, pilots sit toward the front of the | |
| aircraft to afford them the best view for take-off and | |
| landing, as well as air combat. This has implications on | |
| 35 | aerodynamics, stealth1 design and weight distribution |
| factors. In short, it can make the designers life a lot | |
| simpler if the pilot/crew are not in the aircraft. |
(Extracted from https://www.forbes.com/. Accessed on March 03, 2022.)
Vocabulary:
1. Signature management and stealth: both terms refer to technology that reduces the likelihood of personnel, aircrafts, missiles, etc. being detected.
Based on Musk’s position, it is right to infer that
Ver questão
(AFA - 2023)
Directions: Read Text VI and answer questions 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 accordingly.
TEXT VI
| Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, caused | |
| something of a stir at the annual Air Force Association’s | |
| Air Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida. During an | |
| informal ‘fireside chat’ with Lt. Gen. John Thompson of | |
| 5 | Space Command on Friday, Musk told a room packed |
| with fighter pilots that “the fighter jet era has passed”. | |
| Now, Musk is renowned for finding soundbites for the | |
| media to hook onto, and also of causing calculated | |
| disruption in his target audience, but even by his | |
| 10 | standards this is a well-baited line. What makes this such |
| a bold and controversial statement? | |
| The contemporary battlefield is far more networked, | |
| complex, congested and lethal – it’s those that adapt that | |
| will survive. Simply being ‘a good stick’ will rapidly no | |
| 15 | longer cut it in the hostile skies of the future. |
| Musk’s main thrust is, however, that the human in | |
| the cockpit is the limiting factor in air combat now, not the | |
| advantage. | |
| Firstly, humans are awkward for aircraft designers to | |
| 20 | accommodate. In a modern fighter the pilot sits on an |
| ejection seat for emergency escape, needs an oxygen | |
| supply and air-conditioning to function at extremes of | |
| temperature and altitude, and requires flight controls and | |
| instruments to fly and fight the machine. All of these add | |
| 25 | a significant amount of weight and cost into the aircraft. |
| Moreover, having a transparent canopy to permit the crew | |
| to see out does little to improve signature management1 | |
| as radar cross section and the chances of reflected sun | |
| glint all increase. The human also adds more weight, | |
| 30 | especially when encumbered with flight kit such as |
| helmet, NVGs, g-suit and flight planning and survival | |
| equipment. Traditionally, pilots sit toward the front of the | |
| aircraft to afford them the best view for take-off and | |
| landing, as well as air combat. This has implications on | |
| 35 | aerodynamics, stealth1 design and weight distribution |
| factors. In short, it can make the designers life a lot | |
| simpler if the pilot/crew are not in the aircraft. |
(Extracted from https://www.forbes.com/. Accessed on March 03, 2022.)
Vocabulary:
1. Signature management and stealth: both terms refer to technology that reduces the likelihood of personnel, aircrafts, missiles, etc. being detected.
In the future, pilots will
Ver questão