FUVEST 2015

Questão 25394

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Drug-Resistant ‘Super Bacteria’ Reportedly Found in Rio’s Olympic Water

By Lucy Westcott

A man sits on a deck over the Rio Carioca, near Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Dec. 16, 2014.

Windsurfers and sailors beware: Drug-resistant ―super bacteria‖ have been found by researchers in the same waters off Rio de Janeiro where many water-sports events are scheduled to take place during the Summer Olympic Games in July 2016.

Researchers at Brazil‘s Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, a scientific research center, discovered the bacteria in samples collected from three locations, including Rio‘s Flamengo Beach, popular among swimmers, and the Rio Carioca, a river that runs into the Guanabara Bay, where sailing and windsurfing events will take place, Reuters reports

Rio‘s residents have been told to exercise caution when swimming off Flamengo Beach, another area studied by researchers that is ―frequently declared unfit for swimming,‖ the BBC reports, although most people ignore the warning. As part of their Olympic bid, Rio agreed to clean Guanabara Bay by up to 80 percent, although the city's Mayor Eduardo Paes has said that target would not be met.

Ana Paula D'Alincourt Carvalho Assef, coordinator of the study, said the bacteria has potential to cause infections that could result in hospitalization. So far, there have been no recorded infections from the contaminated waters. "Since the super-bacteria are resistant to the most modern medications, doctors need to rely on drugs that are rarely used because they are toxic to the organism," she told the Associated Press.

Disponível no site:http://www.newsweek.com/drug-resistant-super-bacteria-reportedly-lurking-rios-olympic-waters-292582 . Acesso em 25 jan. de 2015 (fragmento)

Em relação à bactéria mencionada no texto, é correto afirmar que ela representa

I. uma ameaça para os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016.

II. um avanço nas pesquisas do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

III. um risco para surfistas e banhistas do Rio de Janeiro.

IV. um motivo de pânico para os moradores do Rio de Janeiro.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas.

Questão 25395

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Snowden on Cyberwar: America Is Its Own Worst Enemy

By Lauren Walker

A hand is silhouetted in front of a computer screen.

After a year punctuated by hacks and data breaches, most notably a cyberattack against Sony, President Barack Obama used part of his State of the Union address on Tuesday to mention the growing threat to cybersecurity. ―No foreign nation, no hacker, should be able to shut down our networks, steal our trade secrets or invade the privacy of American families, especially our kids,‖ he said. The president‘s speech came a week after the White House outlined a cybersecurity policy proposal that calls for more information sharing between the private sector and government, an increase in penalties for hacking and an update in the standards for when companies have to report that their customers‘ data has been compromised.

Disponível no site: http://www.newsweek.com/snowden-cyber-war-america-its-own-worst-enemy301175. Acesso em 25 jan. 2015 (fragmento).

Based on the text, it is possible to state that, concerning cybersecurity, the US Government, now,

I. wants their network operating system to be terminated.

II. worries about the security of American families‘ privacy.

III. needs the exchange of information with the private sector.

IV. requires customers to be more committed to security issues.

V. demands some more security measurements against hacking.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas as afirmativas corretas.

Questão 25396

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Scientists Figure Out How to Unboil an Egg

                                                                   By Zoë Schlanger

Chemistry major Stephan Kudlacek is part of the team that has developed a way of unboiling a hen egg.

Scientists at the University of California Irvine have developed a way to unboil egg whites by ―untangling‖ their proteins, a development that has the potential to significantly reduce costs for any biotechnology process that requires the folding of proteins.

"Yes, we have invented a way to unboil a hen egg,‖ UCI biochemistry professor Gregory Weiss said in a statement. ―We start with egg whites boiled for 20 minutes at 90 degrees Celsius and return a key protein in the egg to working order."

Proteins are the workhorses within human cells. They copy DNA, and make it possible for the body to read the DNA. The folding of proteins is key to several fields; industrial chemists use it to make chemical reactions possible, and the medical industry needs to fold proteins for therapeutic treatments of diseases such as cancer. Often, though, when scientists attempt to fold proteins, they come out as ―scrambled messes," Weiss says

The process doesn‘t result in a gooey raw egg you would want to cook up and eat, because the egg white has been dissolved in other compounds. But one of the key proteins found in egg white is returned.

Weiss and his team have filed for a patent, and are raising funds to scale up the process to meet the needs of biotech companies. If all goes well, the invention has the potential to save several industries a lot of headache, and money.

                                  Disponível no site:http://www.newsweek.com/scientists-figure-out-how-unboil-egg-chemistry-301791 . Acesso em: 25 jan. 2015 (fragmento).

After reading the text ―Scientists Figure Out How to Unboil an Egg‖, one can say that the main objective of the author was to

Questão 25397

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

The Case of the Sleepy Spy

By Jeff Stein

The lobby of the CIA Headquarters Building in McLean, Virginia in August 2008.

The case of the sleepy spy is not over. Although a federal judge ruled in favor of the CIA this week in a discrimination suit brought by an employee who claimed he was harassed out of his job because of his narcolepsy and race, the AfricanAmerican man is back in court with another complaint.

"Jacob Abilt," the pseudonym for the CIA "technical operations officer" ― the bland description for someone who works in bugging, photo surveillance and similar clandestine operations--claimed in a February 2014 suit that his medical ailment, which causes him to fall into a deep sleep with little warning, and his race led his supervisors to treat him differently than they would a white employee. The CIA chose not to argue the case in court, but instead invoked the ―state secrets privilege" ― a legal ploy that critics claim has been routinely used to cover up human rights and other abuses during the so-called war on terror ― claiming that ―Abilt's case would expose classified information about the National Clandestine Service, a branch of the CIA which oversees foreign and counter intelligence affairs within the agency," according to Courthouse News, which first reported on the decision.

According to the scant personnel information listed in his complaint, Abilt was hired in 2006 as an ―applications developer," and ―at or around the time plaintiff was hired, he informed his superiors of his disability narcolepsy.‖ The CIA and Abilt worked out a plan that accommodated his forced naps, his suit suggests, which included making up for time lost in deep sleep.

                                                                                                    Disponível no site: http://www.newsweek.com/cia-narcolepsy-race-african-american-lawsuit308494. Acesso em 22 fevf. 2015 (fragmento).

According to the text about "The Case of the Sleepy Spy", it is correct to say that Jacob Abilt

I. worked with secretly listening to or recording conversations using a hidden electronic device.

II. was fired because he unveiled classified information about the National Clandestine Service

III. sued the CIA because he felt discriminated due to his disease and to his race.

IV. disregarded the agreement he made with the CIA to compensate for the working hours he missed.

V. omitted information about his disability narcolepsy when he was first hired by the CIA.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas.

Questão 25398

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Tattoo Regret? A Topical Removal Cream May Help

By Paula Mejia

Tats all, folks: A Ph.D. student has developed a cream that targets cells, not pigments, to get rid of unwanted ink. Hannibal Hanschke/Reuters

Today, before getting inked, one must have a serious think so as to avoid tattoo remorse. In the future, though, you may not have to worry about laser removal, or surgery, or a touch-up tattoo for those inky regrets anymore, though. Alec Falkenham, a Ph.D. candidate at Halifax, Nova Scotia‘s Dalhousie University, has developed a painless tattoo removal cream that causes tats to gradually fade away.

The application of the cream, which he hopes will eventually become commercially available, involves none of the inflammation, redness, blistering or scarring side effects that traditional tattoo removal procedures can have, either. He believes the procedure might even be antiinflammatory. All you have to do is apply the topical cream to your skin.

Unlike lasers, which target the pigments in tattoos, the Bisphosphonate Liposomal Tattoo Removal (BLTR) cream targets macrophages, immune system cells that work to rid foreign agents from your body. When you tattoo your body, you are injecting ink deep into the dermis—and the macrophages recognize tattoo ink as ―foreign‖ invaders. Some of these macrophages absorb the ink and then carry it to lymph nodes, where both cells and ink are destroyed.

Em relação ao processo descrito no texto, para a remoção de tatuagens, é correto afirmar que ele

Questão 25399

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Is a Digital Gym Right for You?

By Kelsey Kloss

If you want: Personalized treatment

If '80s-style group classes make you shudder, check app ($10 per month for unlimited classes). You'll access videos of an instructor leading you, not an entire class, through a workout, creating the sense of a highly personalized training session. Choose a class based on the trainer — each is taught by one of eight Gym Box coaches, who cover details like what your posture should look like and how your muscles should feel throughout the session — or your favorite exercises, which might include strength training, kickboxing, dance, step, extreme cardio, cycling, and even ―Easy Does It‖ (small weights, gentle core training).

Disponível em <http://www.rd.com/slideshows/digital-gym/>

De acordo com o texto, a Digital Gym

Questão 25400

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Uk School Replaces Library Cards For Kids With Fingerprint Scans

By Clay Dillow

We already know that biometrics could provide some useful new tools for identifying approaching threats or tracking people moving through crowds. But what about checking out books from a children's library? A Manchester UK primary school is testing out just such a scheme, having children as young as four years old scan their fingerprints as ID for checking books in and out of the school's library. Not surprisingly, parents and privacy groups have a huge problem with children's biometric data being so cataloged ― not to mention the precedent it sets. To check out a book, students swipe a bar code placed inside the book at a computer station, which then asks for them to press their thumb on a fingerprint scanner. Books are checked back into the library the same way: no library card or identification required. School officials say the fingerprints are converted to and saved as digital electronic codes that are recognized by the computer, so that no actual fingerprint images are kept on file or shared. Critics of the system, however, find the use of such biometric systems with children so young a breach of privacy and a dangerous overreach by authorities, conditioning children to treat their personal biometric information as something trivial. And it's worth noting this isn't the first biometric identifying scheme hatched by UK schools; a fingerprint identifier introduced as part of a cashless school cafeteria system has previously drawn the ire of UK parents who don't like the idea of their kids being fingerprinted without permission.

But the library system is purely voluntary, and parents are allowed to opt their kids in or out. (…)

Disponível em: http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-06/uk

According to the text

I. Scanning fingerprints at primary schools has avoided theft of books at libraries.

II. Teens had their fingerprints scanned as ID for checking books in and out of the library.

III. This new way of checking books can be characterized as a card free system.

IV. Fingerprints are kept safe by converting and saving them as digital eletronic codes.

V. The biometric system has been criticized because it is the first experience in UK.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas afirmativas corretas.

Questão 25401

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Supermassive Black Hole Found Farting A Trillion Suns' Worth Of Energy

By Loren Grush

At the center of any massive galaxy, you‘ll most likely find one daunting portion of space-time: a supermassive black hole. These gigantic gravity wells are so enormous, they have a mass that‘s equal to millions or even billions of times the mass of our Sun. While extremely powerful, black holes can be relatively hard to study. But now researchers have accurately measured a substantial byproduct of supermassive black holes: winds that travel at more than 62,000 miles per second. Researchers have long theorized that when a black hole draws in matter with its large gravitational pull, the process produces huge x-ray-emitting wind gusts, which emanate from the hole and shoot out into the nearby galaxy. While this concept had been widely accepted in the scientific community, no one really knew what shape these winds took. Using NASA‘s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and the ESA‘s XMM-Newton telescope, researchers from Caltech and Keele University of England were able to measure the speed, shape, and size of the winds blasting out from PDS 456—a super bright black hole located two billion light-years away. PDS 456 is a type of black hole known as a quasar, meaning it is extremely luminous. According to Emanuele Nardini, the lead author of the study, which published in Science, the winds are actually a result of the brightness surrounding the black hole. ―When the energy of the matter that is folding into the black hole is released, this energy is turned into heat, creating huge luminosity,‖ Nardini tells Popular Science. ―When this luminosity is high enough to counteract the black hole‘s gravitational attraction (about 10 billion times that of the Sun), it can push wind gusts outward.‖

Disponível em: http://www.popsci.com/telescopes-determine-shape-powerful-winds-birthed-blackholes

Sobre os supermassive black holes, é INCORRETO afirmar que

Questão 25402

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

World Health Organization Approves 15-Minute Ebola Detection Test

By Lydia Ramsey

Today, the World Health Organization gave the green light to doctors in West Africa to use the first ever rapid test for diagnosing the Ebola virus. Until now, the standard way to check for Ebola in the region was to use the nucleic acid test, which works by identifying the genetic materials of the virus from a blood sample. Yet the test requires a full lab to succeed, and it takes between 12 to 24 hours to process the results. In comparison, the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test gets the job done in 15 minutes by testing a patient's blood for Ebola's antigen protein, which is distinguishable from other healthy proteins found in the body. The rapid test isn't as precise as the full lab test, but it can still identify 92 percent of people infected with Ebola and 85 percent of those without the infection. This way, the quick test can easily identify who should at least enter quarantine, thus putting a damper on potential flare-ups. However, WHO does recommend following up the rapid test with a regular one to better assess if a patient has the infection. As the epidemic dissipates, being able to clearly distinguish Ebola from other diseases with similar symptoms will be key. Over the next few years, animals may reintroduce the virus to humans, and it will be important for health care providers to quickly identify which diseases they are dealing with: Is it a routine case of malaria, or Ebola? With this test, they'll have a good idea before things get worse.

Disponível em: http://www.popsci.com/who-approves-15-minute-ebola-test

Sobre o ReEBOV Antigen Test, é correto afirmar que

Questão 25403

(UFU - 2015 - 1ª FASE)

Os alunos do curso de Educação Física de uma instituição responderam a uma pesquisa que avaliou qual o seu esporte coletivo predileto: basquete, futebol ou vôlei. Todos responderam selecionando apenas uma opção. Os dados coletados foram parcialmente divulgados conforme indica o quadro a seguir.

Sabe-se que 194 é a média aritmética entre os totais das respostas das 3 opções, e que o número de mulheres optantes por vôlei é 20% superior ao de mulheres optantes por basquete.

Segundo essas informações, o número de maneiras de selecionar dois optantes por vôlei, sendo um homem e uma mulher, é igual a